• from washing cups to creating coffee art

Ms. Putri was 18 when she got her first job in a small café. She cleaned tables, washed cups, and served drinks. She liked coffee, but she did not know how much skill it took to make a really good cup.

One day, she watched a barista make a cappuccino. The barista poured milk into the coffee and made a beautiful white heart on top. Ms. Putri was amazed. The coffee looked like a small work of art!

A barista is a person who makes and serves coffee. Baristas prepare drinks such as espresso, cappuccino, and latte. They use a special machine to make coffee and learn how to heat milk to the right temperature.

Ms. Putri wanted to learn this art. Her manager showed her how to use the coffee machine. At first, she made many mistakes. Her coffee was sometimes too weak, and her milk foam was not good enough. When she tried to make a heart in the milk, it often looked like a white spot.

But Ms. Putri did not give up. She practised every day. She learned how to pour milk slowly and carefully. Soon, she could make hearts, flowers, and even small animals on top of the coffee. This kind of art is called latte art.

Ms. Putri also learned that beautiful coffee must taste good. She studied different coffee beans and learned how to make the perfect espresso. She understood that every small step was important.

After two years, Ms. Putri entered a barista competition. She prepared a perfect cappuccino and made a beautiful flower in the milk foam. The judges loved her work, and Ms. Putri won first prize.

Today, Ms. Putri is a top barista. Customers come to her café not only for the taste of her coffee but also for its beauty.

Ms. Putri believes that a cup of coffee can be more than a drink. It can be a small piece of art, made with skill, care, and love.

___________________________

Vocabulary:

Word / Phrase	Definition
skill	Something you can do well because you practise it.
a barista	A person who makes and sells coffee in a café.
a cappuccino	A warm coffee drink with espresso, hot milk, and milk foam on top.
to pour milk	To move milk from a bottle or jug into a cup.
to be amazed	To be very surprised and excited because something is wonderful.
a work of art	Something beautiful made by an artist or a skilled person.
latte	A coffee drink made with espresso and a lot of warm milk.
a mistake	Something you do wrong.
a weak coffee	Coffee that does not have a strong taste or much caffeine.
milk foam	Light, soft bubbles made from warm milk.
a spot	A small round mark or shape.
latte art	Pictures or patterns made with milk foam on top of coffee.
to taste good	To be delicious or nice to eat or drink.
coffee beans	Small seeds from a coffee plant used to make coffee.
a small step	One small action in a process or plan.
to enter a competition	To join a game or contest to try to win.
a judge (competition)	A person who watches a contest and decides who wins.
a prize	Something you win in a game or contest (like money or a trophy).
a customer	A person who buys things at a shop or café.
to believe	To think that something is true or real.
to make with care	To do something slowly and pay attention so it turns out well.

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Match word and definition

1. skill
2. a barista
3. a cappuccino
4. to pour milk
5. to be amazed
6. a work of art
7. latte
8. a mistake
9. a weak coffee
10. milk foam
11. a spot
12. latte art
13. to taste good
14. coffee beans
15. a small step
16. to enter a competition
17. a judge (competition)
18. a prize
19. a customer
20. to believe
21. to make with care

Definition

• A. A warm coffee drink with espresso, hot milk, and milk foam on top.
• B. Small seeds from a coffee plant used to make coffee.
• C. A small round mark or shape.
• D. Something you can do well because you practise it.
• E. A person who buys things at a shop or café.
• F. Something you do wrong.
• G. Light, soft bubbles made from warm milk.
• H. To be very surprised and excited because something is wonderful.
• I. A coffee drink made with espresso and a lot of warm milk.
• J. To move milk from a bottle or jug into a cup.
• K. To join a game or contest to try to win.
• L. To think that something is true or real.
• M. A person who makes and sells coffee in a café.
• N. To be delicious or nice to eat or drink.
• O. Something beautiful made by an artist or a skilled person.
• P. A person who watches a contest and decides who wins.
• Q. Pictures or patterns made with milk foam on top of coffee.
• R. Coffee that does not have a strong taste or much caffeine.
• S. To do something slowly and pay attention so it turns out well.
• T. Something you win in a game or contest (like money or a trophy).
• U. One small action in a process or plan.

______________________________

Answer key

1-D, 2-M, 3-A, 4-J, 5-H, 6-O, 7-I, 8-F,
9-R, 10-G, 11-C, 12-Q, 13-N, 14-B, 15-U,
16-K, 17-P, 18-T, 19-E, 20-L, 21-S

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Match definiton and word

Definition

1. Something you can do well because you practise it.
2. A person who makes and sells coffee in a café.
3. A warm coffee drink with espresso, hot milk, and milk foam on top.
4. To move milk from a bottle or jug into a cup.
5. To be very surprised and excited because something is wonderful.
6. Something beautiful made by an artist or a skilled person.
7. A coffee drink made with espresso and a lot of warm milk.
8. Something you do wrong.
9. Coffee that does not have a strong taste or much caffeine.
10. Light, soft bubbles made from warm milk.
11. A small round mark or shape.
12. Pictures or patterns made with milk foam on top of coffee.
13. To be delicious or nice to eat or drink.
14. Small seeds from a coffee plant used to make coffee.
15. One small action in a process or plan.
16. To join a game or contest to try to win.
17. A person who watches a contest and decides who wins.
18. Something you win in a game or contest (like money or a trophy).
19. A person who buys things at a shop or café.
20. To think that something is true or real.
21. To do something slowly and pay attention so it turns out well.

Word

• A. a spot
• B. to be amazed
• C. a cappuccino
• D. a prize
• E. a barista
• F. to pour milk
• G. to enter a competition
• H. coffee beans
• I. a customer
• J. a mistake
• K. skill
• L. a weak coffee
• M. a small step
• N. a work of art
• O. milk foam
• P. latte
• Q. to believe
• R. to make with care
• S. a judge (competition)
• T. to taste good
• U. latte art

_____________________________

Answer key

1-K, 2-E, 3-C, 4-F, 5-B, 6-N, 7-P, 8-J,
9-L, 10-O, 11-A, 12-U, 13-T, 14-H, 15-M,
16-G, 17-S, 18-D, 19-I, 20-Q, 21-R
#####################

True or false

1. Ms. Putri got her first job in a big coffee factory when she was 18.
2. At first, Ms. Putri made mistakes, like making coffee that was too weak.
3. Latte art means making pictures or patterns on top of coffee using milk foam.
4. Ms. Putri won first prize in the barista competition after two years of practice.
5. The barista made a blue star in the milk foam on top of the cappuccino.
6. A barista is a person who makes and serves coffee in a café.
7. Ms. Putri never studied coffee beans because she only cared about how the drink looked.
8. Ms. Putri learned how to pour milk slowly and carefully to make pictures.
9. Today, customers come to Ms. Putri’s café only for the taste, not for the beauty of her coffee.
10. The manager showed Ms. Putri how to use the coffee machine.
11. When Ms. Putri first tried to make a heart, it often looked like a white spot.
12. A cappuccino is made with cold milk and tea.
13. Ms. Putri gave up learning how to make coffee because it was too difficult.
14. In the competition, Ms. Putri prepared a cappuccino and made a flower in the milk foam.
15. The judges in the competition disliked Ms. Putri’s cappuccino.
16. Ms. Putri believes a cup of coffee can be a small piece of art made with care and love.

__________________________

Answer Key

1-False, 2-True, 3-True, 4-True, 5-False, 6-True, 7-False, 8-True, 9-False, 10-True, 11-True, 12-False, 13-False, 14-True, 15-False, 16-True

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Multiple Choice Exercise

1. What was Ms. Putri’s first job in the small café?

• 1a) Managing the whole café and hiring the staff
• 1b) Brewing espresso and roasting coffee beans
• 1c) Cleaning tables, washing cups, and serving drinks

2. How old was Ms. Putri when she started working at the café?

• 2a) 18 years old
• 2b) 20 years old
• 2c) 22 years old

3. What made Ms. Putri amazed when watching the barista?

• 3a) A green leaf pattern
• 3b) A white heart on top
• 3c) A bright yellow star

4. What is a barista?

• 4a) A person who owns a small coffee farm
• 4b) A person who makes and serves coffee
• 4c) A person who cleans tables in a café

5. What happened when Ms. Putri first tried to make coffee?

• 5a) She made many mistakes
• 5b) She made no mistakes
• 5c) She broke the machine

6. What did her first attempt at a milk heart look like?

• 6a) A white spot
• 6b) A yellow star
• 6c) A dark square

7. What kind of art is making patterns on top of coffee called?

• 7a) Milk painting
• 7b) Cup decoration
• 7c) Latte art

8. What else did Ms. Putri learn besides making beautiful designs?

• 8a) How to bake cakes
• 8b) Coffee must taste good
• 8c) How to roast beans

9. How long did Ms. Putri practise before entering a barista competition?

• 9a) Two years
• 9b) Six months
• 9c) Five years

10. What pattern did Ms. Putri make on her cappuccino during the competition?

• 10a) A small animal
• 10b) A flower pattern
• 10c) A giant tree

11. How did the judges react to Ms. Putri’s cappuccino?

• 11a) They ignored her work
• 11b) They disliked her work
• 11c) They loved her work

12. What prize did Ms. Putri win in the competition?

• 12a) First prize
• 12b) Second prize
• 12c) Third prize

13. Why do customers come to Ms. Putri’s café today?

• 13a) Only for cheap pastry
• 13b) For taste and beauty
• 13c) Only for fast service

14. What machine did Ms. Putri learn to use at the café?

• 14a) An ice maker
• 14b) A coffee machine
• 14c) A fruit blender

15. What does Ms. Putri believe a cup of coffee can be?

• 15a) Just a quick drink
• 15b) A waste of time
• 15c) A small piece of art

16. Who showed Ms. Putri how to use the coffee machine?

• 16a) Her manager
• 16b) Her coworker
• 16c) Her customer

_____________________________

Answer key

1c, 2a, 3b, 4b, 5a, 6a, 7c, 8b, 9a,
10b, 11c, 12a, 13b, 14b, 15c, 16a

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Match sentence halves:

First halves

1. Ms. Putri was 18 when she got her first job
2. One day, she watched a barista
3. Baristas use a special machine to make coffee
4. When Ms. Putri tried to make a heart in the milk,
5. Ms. Putri did not give up and
6. Soon, she could make hearts, flowers,
7. Besides making latte art, Ms. Putri also
8. She studied different coffee beans
9. After two years of daily practice,
10. In the competition, Ms. Putri prepared a cappuccino
11. Customers come to Ms. Putri’s café
12. Ms. Putri believes that a cup of coffee

Second halves

• A. and made a beautiful flower in the milk foam.
• B. in a small local café.
• C. and learned how to make the perfect espresso.
• D. not only for the taste but also for its beauty.
• E. and learn how to heat milk to the right temperature.
• F. make a cappuccino with a white heart on top.
• G. can be a small piece of art made with care.
• H. and even small animals on top of the coffee.
• I. it often looked like a simple white spot.
• J. practised every single day.
• K. learned that beautiful coffee must taste good.
• L. Ms. Putri entered a barista competition.

___________________________

Answer Key

1-B, 2-F, 3-E, 4-I, 5-J, 6-H, 7-K,
8-C, 9-L, 10-A, 11-D, 12-G
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Cause and effect

Causes (1–8)

1. Cause: Ms. Putri saw a barista make a cappuccino with a white heart on top.
2. Cause: Ms. Putri was just starting to learn how to use the coffee machine.
3. Cause: Ms. Putri practiced pouring milk slowly and carefully every single day.
4. Cause: Ms. Putri realized that coffee needs to taste good as well as look pretty.
5. Cause: Ms. Putri made a perfect cappuccino with a beautiful flower design.
6. Cause: Ms. Putri won first prize in the barista competition.
7. Cause: Ms. Putri makes coffee with great skill, beauty, and care.
8. Cause: Baristas heat milk to the right temperature and use a special coffee machine.

Effects (A–H)

• A. She entered a competition and impressed the judges.
• B. They are able to prepare drinks like espresso, cappuccino, and latte.
• C. She was amazed and wanted to learn the art of making coffee.
• D. She became a top barista and attracted many customers to her café.
• E. She made many mistakes and her milk foam was not good enough at first.
• F. She learned to make hearts, flowers, and small animals in the milk foam.
• G. She studied different coffee beans to make the perfect espresso.
• H. Customers visit her café for both the taste and the beauty of her drinks.

_______________________________

Answer Key

1-C, 2-E, 3-F, 4-G, 5-A, 6-D, 7-H, 8-B

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Sentence ordering (chronological order) – put the events from Ms. Putri’s life in the correct order

• [ ] A. Her manager showed her how to use the coffee machine.
• [ ] B. She practiced every day and learned to make hearts, flowers, and animals.
• [ ] C. Today, customers visit her café for both the taste and beauty of her coffee.
• [ ] D. Ms. Putri started working at a small café cleaning tables and washing cups.
• [ ] E. Ms. Putri entered a barista competition and won first prize.
• [ ] F. At first, she made many mistakes and her milk foam was not good enough.
• [ ] G. She watched a barista make a cappuccino with a white heart on top.
• [ ] H. She studied different coffee beans to learn how to make the perfect espresso.

_____________________________

Answer Key

1-D, 2-G, 3-A, 4-F, 5-B, 6-H, 7-E, 8-C

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Wh- questions exercise – short answers

1. How old was Ms. Putri when she got her first job?
2. Where did Ms. Putri get her first job?
3. What did Ms. Putri watch a barista make one day?
4. Who showed Ms. Putri how to use the coffee machine?
5. What did her first attempt at a milk heart look like?
6. How often did Ms. Putri practice making latte art?
7. What is the picture art on top of coffee called?
8. What did Ms. Putri study to make sure her coffee tasted good?
9. When did Ms. Putri enter a barista competition?
10. What pattern did she make in the milk foam during the competition?
11. Which prize did Ms. Putri win in the competition?
12. Why do customers visit Ms. Putri’s café today?

____________________________

Answer key

1-18 years old, 2-In a small café, 3-A cappuccino with a white heart, 4-Her manager, 5-A white spot, 6-Every day, 7-Latte art, 8-Different coffee beans, 9-After two years, 10-A flower, 11-First prize, 12-For the taste and beauty of her coffee

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Match question and answer

Questions

1. Where did you start your job in the coffee shop?
2. What were your first jobs as a teenager?
3. What did you see on your first day of inspiration?
4. Who showed you how to use the coffee machine?
5. What bad things happened during your early training?
6. How did you make your daily skills better?
7. What pictures can you make on top of the drink now?
8. What is the name for this pretty coffee decoration?
9. What did you learn to make the coffee taste good?
10. When did you go to a big coffee contest?
11. What did the judges think about your flower coffee?
12. Why do people come to your coffee shop today?

Answers

• A. Two years of daily practice took me to the contest.
• B. I cleaned tables, washed cups, and served drinks.
• C. People call this special milk art.
• D. A barista made a hot coffee with a pretty white heart on top.
• E. Guests like the good taste and nice look of every cup.
• F. My first work was in a small local café at age 18.
• G. They loved my work and gave me first prize!
• H. My boss taught me everything.
• I. Different coffee beans helped me make the best coffee base.
• J. Everyday practice helped me pour milk slowly and carefully.
• K. I made weak coffee and simple white spots instead of hearts.
• L. My designs show hearts, flowers, and small animals.

______________________________

Answer key:
1-F, 2-B, 3-D, 4-H, 5-K, 6-J, 7-L,
8-C, 9-I, 10-A, 11-G, 12-E

_____________________________

Full version:

1. Q: Where did you start your job in the coffee shop?

F:My first work was in a small local café at age 18.

2. Q: What were your first jobs as a teenager?

B:I cleaned tables, washed cups, and served drinks.

3. Q: What did you see on your first day of inspiration?

D:A barista made a hot coffee with a pretty white heart on top.

4. Q: Who showed you how to use the coffee machine?

H:My boss taught me everything.

5. Q: What bad things happened during your early training?

K:I made weak coffee and simple white spots instead of hearts.

6. Q: How did you make your daily skills better?

J:Everyday practice helped me pour milk slowly and carefully.

7. Q: What pictures can you make on top of the drink now?

L:My designs show hearts, flowers, and small animals.

8. Q: What is the name for this pretty coffee decoration?

C:People call this special milk art.

9. Q: What did you learn to make the coffee taste good?

I:Different coffee beans helped me make the best coffee base.

10. Q: When did you go to a big coffee contest?

A:Two years of daily practice took me to the contest.

11. Q: What did the judges think about your flower coffee?

G:They loved my work and gave me first prize!

12. Q: Why do people come to your coffee shop today?

E:Guests like the good taste and nice look of every cup.

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BONUS VOCABULARY:

Vocabulary word	Definition
barista	a person who makes coffee in a café.
espresso	strong, dark coffee in a small cup.
cappuccino	hot coffee with milk and white milk foam.
latte	a hot drink with coffee and lots of milk.
decaf	coffee that does not keep you awake.
black coffee	hot coffee with water only, no milk.
cold brew	cold coffee made with cold water over many hours.
coffee beans	small brown seeds we use to make coffee.
milk foam	soft white bubbles made from hot milk.
whole milk	normal milk from a cow with all the fat.
plant milk	milk made from oats, soy, or nuts.
sugar	white sweet food you put in drinks.
syrup	sweet liquid with flavor like vanilla or caramel.
ice	very cold frozen water.
coffee machine	a big tool that uses power to make coffee.
grinder	a machine that cuts coffee beans into powder.
mug	a large cup for hot drinks.
paper cup	a cup you can take outside and throw away.
steam wand	a small pipe that makes milk hot and bubbly.
tray	a flat board used to carry cups and food.
counter	the long table where workers sell drinks.
trash can	a box where you throw old garbage.
brew	to make hot coffee with water.
pour	to put liquid from one cup into another.
wipe	to clean a table or counter with a cloth.
serve	to give food or drinks to people.
order	to ask for the drink or food you want.
blend	to mix coffee beans or ice together quickly.
customer	a person who buys things in a store.
cashier	a worker who takes your money.
receipt	paper that shows how much money you paid.
change	the money a cashier gives back to you.
tip	small extra money you give for good work.
menu	a list that shows all drinks and prices.
busy	having many people and a lot of work to do.

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to write your feedback.
Only I can read it.
It is not public.

Please tell me:

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Remember how babies
learn a language:

Babies learn a language by listening.
They use their ears to hear sounds.
Their brain remembers these sounds.
Babies connect sounds with people and things.
They listen to their parents.
Then they copy the sounds they hear. They imitate words.
Slowly, babies learn to speak.

So,
LISTEN, LISTEN, LISTEN, LISTEN………………

SMFrockZ@gmx.at

• APOPO – rats rock

Not easy,
believe me,
a challenge

Interviewer: Good morning! Thank you for talking to us. Can you tell us about yourself and your work?

Trainer: Good morning! My name is David, and I work for APOPO in Siem Reap, Cambodia. I train rats to find landmines. I also help to care for them. My work is important because landmines are dangerous for people.

Interviewer: What is APOPO?

Trainer: APOPO is an organisation that trains rats to help people. The rats can find landmines. They can also help to find diseases, such as tuberculosis. We train the rats and teach them to do these jobs.

Interviewer: Why do you use rats to find landmines?

Trainer: Rats have a very good sense of smell. They can smell things that people cannot smell easily. They are also small and light. They do not set off landmines when they walk over the ground. They can also search large areas quite quickly.

Interviewer: How do you choose the rats for training?

Trainer: We choose young rats that are healthy and active. We look at how they move and how they react to new things. We want rats that are interested in their surroundings and like to learn. We start training when they are young.

Interviewer: What do you teach them first?

Trainer: First, we teach them to know the smell of TNT. TNT is an explosive that can be inside a landmine. We let the rats smell it in a safe place. When a rat finds the right smell, we give it a small piece of food. The rat learns that this smell means a reward.

Interviewer: How do the rats learn what you want them to do?

Trainer: We repeat the same exercise many times. The rat smells a sample, and then it gets food when it finds the right smell. If it does not find the smell, it does not get the reward. We are patient because learning takes time. We never hurt the rats. We use food and praise to help them learn.

Interviewer: Do the rats enjoy their training?

Trainer: Yes, many rats enjoy it because they get food and have something to do. They learn that finding the right smell brings a reward. For them, training can be like a game. We also give them time to rest and play.

Interviewer: How long does the training take?

Trainer: It takes many months. We train the rats step by step. First, they learn to find the smell in simple exercises. Later, they practise in larger areas. Before they start working in the field, they must show that they can find the right smell again and again.

Interviewer: What happens when the rats are ready for field training?

Trainer: We take them to safe training areas. We teach them to search the ground and look for the smell of TNT. A trainer walks with the rat and watches it carefully. The rat wears a special harness and works on a leash. We always follow safety rules.

Interviewer: How does a rat show that it has found a landmine?

Trainer: When the rat smells TNT, it stops at that place and scratches the ground. This is its signal. The trainer sees the signal and marks the place. The rat does not touch or move the landmine.

Interviewer: How do you know that the rat has found the right place?

Trainer: We watch the rat very carefully. We also train it to give the correct signal when it smells TNT. We check its work during training. The rats must learn to find the smell correctly and give a clear signal. This is very important because people depend on our work.

Interviewer: Are the rats safe when they search for landmines?

Trainer: Yes, the rats are very light, so they cannot set off most landmines. They also work with trained people who follow safety rules. However, the whole team must be careful. We never allow visitors to walk into an area that has not been made safe.

Interviewer: What happens after a rat finds a landmine?

---

Trainer: First, the trainer marks the place. Then the rat continues its work with the team. Later, trained mine-clearance workers check the marked area. They remove or destroy the landmine safely. The rat never has to do this dangerous work.

Interviewer: Can the rats find every landmine?

Trainer: No, we cannot say that a rat will find every landmine. Rats are very good at finding the smell of explosives, but we must always check their work. We use trained people and special methods to make sure that we find as many landmines as possible.

Interviewer: How do you know if a rat is good at its job?

Trainer: We check how well it finds the right smell. We also watch how it works and how it behaves. A good working rat follows the training and gives the correct signal. If a rat has problems, we practise with it again.

Interviewer: How do you care for the rats every day?

Trainer: We give them good food and clean water. They live in clean cages with places to rest. We check their health and take them to a vet when they need help. We also give them time to sleep, play and spend time with other rats. Healthy rats can learn and work better.

Interviewer: What happens when a rat gets old?

Trainer: Rats cannot work forever. When a rat is too old to work, it can stop working and enjoy its life. We continue to care for it. These rats help people for many years, so they deserve good care.

Interviewer: Can these rats help people in other ways?

Trainer: Yes. Some rats learn to find signs of diseases, such as tuberculosis. They smell samples from people and help us find samples that may contain the disease. Doctors can then check the results and help patients get treatment. The rats can help us find some cases more quickly.

Interviewer: What makes you proud of your work?

Trainer: I am proud when our rats help make an area safer. Landmines can hurt or kill people many years after a war ends. When we find them, people can use their land more safely. Children can play, and farmers can work in their fields with less danger.

Interviewer: Can visitors in Siem Reap learn about the rats?

Trainer: Yes. Visitors can learn about our work and see how the rats train. They can learn why we use rats and how we teach them to find landmines. It is a special experience because the rats are small, but their work can make a big difference.

Interviewer: What would you like visitors to remember after their visit?

Trainer: I would like them to remember that rats can help people in surprising ways. Our rats need good training, patience and care. They cannot do everything alone. Trainers, mine-clearance workers and other experts work together with them. Together, we can help make communities safer.

Interviewer: Thank you very much for telling us about your work.

Trainer: You are welcome! Thank you for your interest in our rats and their important work.

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True or false

1. The rats wear a special harness and work on a leash.
2. APOPO trains rats only to find landmines, not diseases.
3. The trainers choose young rats that are healthy and active.
4. When a rat finds a landmine, it removes it from the ground.
5. The rats learn to find the smell of TNT by getting food as a reward.
6. Visitors can watch the rats train in Siem Reap.
7. The rats work without people watching them.
8. When rats get too old to work, APOPO continues to care for them.
9. The rats can find every landmine without any further checks.
10. Trainers use food and praise to help the rats learn.
11. Rats are small and light, so they do not set off most landmines.
12. The rats learn to find TNT in just a few days.
13. Mine-clearance workers check the places marked by the rats.
14. The rats never need time to rest or play.
15. Some rats help find samples that may contain tuberculosis.
16. The trainer marks the place when a rat gives the correct signal.
17. The rats learn to find landmines by watching other rats work.
18. Finding landmines can help farmers use their fields more safely.
19. The rats live in dirty cages and do not see a vet.
20. The trainers repeat exercises many times to help the rats learn.

___________________________

Answer key

1 T, 2 F, 3 T, 4 F, 5 T, 6 T, 7 F, 8 T, 9 F, 10 T, 11 T,
12 F, 13 T, 14 F, 15 T, 16 T, 17 F, 18 T, 19 F, 20 T
####################

Multiple-choice questions

1. What is David’s job?

• A. He trains dogs.
• B. He works in a hospital.
• C. He trains rats.

2. What is TNT?

• A. Rat food
• B. An explosive
• C. A training game

3. What reward does a rat get for finding the right smell?

• A. Food
• B. A new cage
• C. More time to sleep

4. Which rats do trainers choose?

• A. The biggest rats
• B. Rats with dark fur
• C. Healthy, active rats

5. How do rats learn to find TNT?

• A. By watching films
• B. By repeating exercises
• C. By following visitors

6. What does a rat wear in the field?

• A. A harness
• B. A helmet
• C. A backpack

7. What does a rat do when it finds TNT?

• A. It barks.
• B. It carries the landmine away.
• C. It scratches the ground.

8. Why are rats useful for finding landmines?

• A. They can fly.
• B. They smell very well.
• C. They see underground.

9. What happens if a rat does not find the right smell?

• A. It gets no reward.
• B. It goes home.
• C. It gets extra food.

10. Who removes landmines?

• A. Visitors
• B. The rats
• C. Trained workers

11. How long does training take?

• A. One week
• B. Many months
• C. Two days

12. What happens if a rat has problems during training?

• A. It gets a new job.
• B. It stops eating.
• C. The trainer practises with it again.

13. What do rats need every day?

• A. Clean water
• B. A large field
• C. New toys

14. What happens when a rat gets too old to work?

• A. It leaves APOPO forever.
• B. It receives care.
• C. It must find another job.

15. What else can some APOPO rats help to find?

• A. Lost animals
• B. Underground water
• C. Tuberculosis

16. Why do rats need time to rest and play?

• A. To stay healthy
• B. To avoid all training
• C. To remove landmines

17. What happens after a trainer marks a place?

• A. The rat removes the landmine.
• B. Workers check the place.
• C. Visitors enter the area.

18. Why must trainers check the rats‘ work?

• A. Rats need more food.
• B. Rats cannot smell TNT.
• C. Rats may miss some landmines.

19. How can removing landmines help farmers?

• A. It makes their land safer.
• B. It gives them new animals.
• C. It makes their fields larger.

20. What is an important message from David?

• A. Rats can do every job alone.
• B. Rats can help people.
• C. Only large animals can help people.

_____________________________

Answer key

1 C, 2 B, 3 A, 4 C, 5 B, 6 A, 7 C, 8 B, 9 A, 10 C, 11 B,
12 C, 13 A, 14 B, 15 C, 16 A, 17 B, 18 C, 19 A, 20 B
#####################

Find the reason – complete each sentence with a reason from the interview. Use your own words

1. Rats are useful for finding landmines because …….

YOU ADD:
……..they have a very good sense of smell and are small and light.

2. Trainers give rats food when they find the right smell because …

3. Trainers must watch the rats carefully because …

4. Rats need time to rest and play because …

5. People must not enter an unsafe area because …

6. Mine-clearance workers check the marked places because …

7. Trainers choose young, healthy rats because …

8. Trainers repeat the same exercises many times because …

9. Rats do not touch or move landmines because …

10. The trainers must follow safety rules because …

11. Rats need clean water and good food because …

12. Trainers take old rats out of work because …

13. Some rats help find signs of tuberculosis because …

14. Finding landmines makes life safer for farmers because …

15. APOPO uses trained people as well as rats because …

____________________________

Correct version:

1. Rats are useful for finding landmines because they have a very good sense of smell and are small and light.

2. Trainers give rats food when they find the right smell because the rats learn that the right smell brings a reward.

3. Trainers must watch the rats carefully because they need to see when a rat finds the right smell and gives a signal.

4. Rats need time to rest and play because they need time to relax and stay healthy.

5. People must not enter an unsafe area because landmines can hurt or kill them.

6. Mine-clearance workers check the marked places because they must find and safely remove or destroy the landmines.

7. Trainers choose young, healthy rats because they want rats that are active and like to learn.

8. Trainers repeat the same exercises many times because the rats need practice to learn the right smell.

9. Rats do not touch or move landmines because this dangerous work is done by trained mine-clearance workers.

10. The trainers must follow safety rules because landmines are dangerous and the whole team must be careful.

11. Rats need clean water and good food because healthy rats can learn and work better.

12. Trainers take old rats out of work because rats cannot work forever and need to enjoy their lives when they get old.

13. Some rats help find signs of tuberculosis because they can smell samples that may contain the disease.

14. Finding landmines makes life safer for farmers because they can work in their fields with less danger.

15. APOPO uses trained people as well as rats because the rats cannot do everything alone and people must check their work.

###################

Match the sentence halves

Sentence beginnings

1. Rats have a very good sense of smell, so …
2. When a rat finds the right smell, …
3. Trainers choose young rats because …
4. Rats are very light, so …
5. During training, the rats get food when …
6. When a rat finds a landmine, …
7. After the trainer marks a place, …
8. Old rats can stop working, but …
9. Some rats can help doctors because …
10. Farmers can work more safely when …

Sentence endings

A. … trained workers check the marked area.

B. … they smell samples that may contain tuberculosis.

C. … they can learn new things.

D. … they do not set off most landmines.

E. … landmines have been found and removed.

F. … it receives a small piece of food.

G. … they can find smells that people may not notice easily.

H. … they can still receive good care.

I. … the rat stops and scratches the ground.

J. … they find the smell of TNT.

________________________

Answer key:

1–G, 2–F, 3–C, 4–D, 5–J, 6–I, 7–A, 8–H, 9–B, 10–E

##################

###################

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################

Please use the box below
to write your feedback.
Only I can read it.
It is not public.

Please tell me:

• Are the texts and exercises OK?
• Are the topics OK?
• Is the level OK?
• Is it too easy or too difficult?
• tIs it oo short, too long?
• Do you want texts about other topics?

Thank you! I appreciate your feedback.

##################

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##################

Remember how babies
learn a language:

Babies learn a language by listening.
They use their ears to hear sounds.
Their brain remembers these sounds.
Babies connect sounds with people and things.
They listen to their parents.
Then they copy the sounds they hear. They imitate words.
Slowly, babies learn to speak.

So,
LISTEN, LISTEN, LISTEN, LISTEN………………

SMFrockZ@gmx.at

• rice fields, music, food, and Minangkabau culture

I visited Solok City in West Sumatra during the Rang Solok Baralek Gadang festival from September 11 to September 13, 2025.

I walked through the large green rice fields of Hamparan Sawah Solok. Many Minangkabau people wore colorful traditional clothes. The women wore suntiang. These were large gold headpieces that looked like tall crowns. The men wore black taluk belanga shirts and special cloth around their waists.

I watched an important farming event called Bakawu. Local older people prayed together and shared food on banana leaves in the rice field. They thanked God for a good rice crop. People also made very large art figures from dry straw. The straw came from the rice fields after people picked the rice. I saw the figures in the fields, and they looked very interesting.

In the afternoon, I watched Silek Tuo, an old Minangkabau fighting art. Two fighters moved slowly before they fought. Their movements looked like a dance. Later, I sat with many local families and watched a Randai show. The actors stood in a large circle. They clapped their hands and hit their wide pants to make sounds. They also sang old local stories.

I tried some local Minangkabau food at the market. I ate spicy Rendang beef and hot Sate Padang with soft rice cakes. I also drank Teh Talua. It was sweet tea with egg yolk and fresh lime juice. The food was very tasty, and I enjoyed trying new local dishes.

I was very happy to see this local culture. More than ninety thousand local people and tourists came to the festival. People smiled and played traditional games together. They enjoyed the festival and their local culture. The festival was full of color. It was a great trip for me. I learned many new things about Indonesian culture and met new friends in Solok City. I wanted to stay longer because the people were very kind and friendly to visitors.

________________________

How to form the past simple

We use the Past Simple for something that happened before now.

1. Regular verbs

For most verbs, add -ed.

• visit → visited
• walk → walked
• watch → watched
• play → played

Example:
I visited Solok.
I watched a Randai show.

2. Verbs ending in -e

Add -d.

• live → lived
• like → liked
• enjoy → enjoyed

3. Verbs ending in -y

If a verb ends in a consonant + y, change y to i and add -ed.

• try → tried
• study → studied

4. Irregular verbs – link

Some verbs do not use -ed. They have a different past form.

• see → saw
• eat → ate
• drink → drank
• wear → wore
• make → made
• meet → met

You need to learn these forms.

5. The verb be

be → was / were

• I/he/she/it → was
• you/we/they → were

Example:
I was happy.
They were friendly.

Important

The past form is the same for all people with most verbs:

• I visited
• you visited
• he visited
• we visited
• they visited

Only be changes: was / were.

##################

Verbs:

Infinitive	Past	A1 definition
visit	visited	to go to a place
be	was / were	to exist or to be in a place
walk	walked	to move on your feet
wear	wore	to have clothes on your body
look	looked	to use your eyes to see something
call	called	to give a name to something
pray	prayed	to speak to God
share	shared	to give some of something to other people
thank	thanked	to say that you are grateful
make	made	to create something
come	came	to move to a place
pick	picked	to take something from a plant
see	saw	to notice something with your eyes
watch	watched	to look at something for some time
move	moved	to change position
fight	fought	to use your body against another person
sit	sat	to be on a chair or the ground
stand	stood	to be on your feet
clap	clapped	to hit your hands together
hit	hit	to touch something hard with your hand
sing	sang	to make music with your voice
try	tried	to do or taste something for the first time
eat	ate	to put food in your mouth and swallow it
drink	drank	to take liquid into your mouth and swallow it
enjoy	enjoyed	to like something
learn	learned	to get new knowledge
meet	met	to see and talk to someone for the first time
want	wanted	to wish to have or do something
stay	stayed	to remain in a place
smile	smiled	to show happiness with your face
play	played	to do something for fun

________________________

Vocabulary:

Word / phrase	A1 definition
an adventure	an exciting experience in a new place
traditional clothes	clothes that people wear as part of their culture
a headpiece	something that you wear on your head
a crown	a special hat worn by a king or queen
a waist	the middle part of your body, above your legs
an event	something special that happens at a particular time
a rice crop	rice that farmers grow in a field
an art figure	a large shape made as art
straw	dry plants left after farmers cut rice or other plants
fighting art	a traditional way of fighting using the body
a movement	a way of moving your body
an actor	a person who acts in a show or film
spicy	having a hot taste
egg yolk	the yellow part inside an egg
lime juice	liquid from a lime
to be tasty	to have a good taste

##################

Match the words with the definitions

Words

1. straw
2. visit
3. spicy
4. meet
5. a crown
6. watch
7. an event
8. eat
9. a waist
10. sing
11. a headpiece
12. enjoy
13. egg yolk
14. fight
15. traditional clothes
16. drink
17. a movement
18. make
19. tasty
20. an adventure

Definitions

A. to look at something for some time
B. the yellow part inside an egg
C. clothes that people wear as part of their culture
D. to go to a place
E. having a hot taste
F. to have a good taste
G. something special that happens at a particular time
H. to put food in your mouth and swallow it
I. to have fun doing something or to like something
J. a special hat worn by a king or queen
K. dry plants left after farmers cut rice or other plants
L. to see and talk to someone for the first time
M. a way of moving your body
N. to make something
O. an exciting experience in a new place
P. to make music with your voice
Q. to use your body against another person
R. to take liquid into your mouth and swallow it
S. something that you wear on your head
T. the middle part of your body, above your legs

____________________________

Answer key:
1-K, 2-D, 3-E, 4-L, 5-J, 6-A, 7-G,
8-H, 9-T, 10-P, 11-S, 12-I, 13-B, 14-Q, 15-C,
16-R, 17-M, 18-N, 19-F, 20-O
####################

Match the definitions with the words

Definitions

1. to exist or to be in a place
2. to give a name to something
3. to give some of something to other people
4. to create something
5. to move to a place
6. to notice something with your eyes
7. to change position
8. to be on a chair or the ground
9. to be on your feet
10. to hit your hands together
11. to touch something hard with your hand
12. to get new knowledge
13. to wish to have or do something
14. to remain in a place
15. to show happiness with your face
16. to do something for fun
17. rice that farmers grow in a field
18. a person who acts in a show or film
19. a traditional way of fighting using the body
20. liquid from a lime

Words

A. lime juice
B. smile
C. make
D. stand
E. rice crop
F. share
G. a fighting art
H. want
I. learn
J. call
K. hit
L. play
M. be
N. an actor
O. sit
P. stay
Q. move
R. clap
S. see
T. come

__________________________

Answer key:
1-M, 2-J, 3-F, 4-C, 5-T, 6-S, 7-Q, 8-O,
9-D, 10-R, 11-K, 12-I, 13-H, 14-P, 15-B,
16-L, 17-E, 18-N, 19-G, 20-A

###################

True or false

1. The festival took place in Solok City, West Sumatra.
2. The women wore small silver headpieces.
3. The festival took place from September 11 to September 13, 2025.
4. Bakawu is a modern music event.
5. People shared food on banana leaves in the rice field.
6. The straw figures were made from fresh rice.
7. Silek Tuo was an old Minangkabau fighting art.
8. The fighters moved very quickly before they fought.
9. The Randai actors stood in a large circle.
10. The actors did not sing any stories.
11. The writer ate spicy Rendang beef.
12. Teh Talua was sweet tea with egg yolk and fresh lime juice.
13. The writer did not enjoy trying local food.
14. More than ninety thousand people came to the festival.
15. The writer visited Solok City in East Java.
16. People played traditional games together.
17. The festival was without color.
18. The writer wanted to stay longer.
19. The local people were unfriendly to visitors.
20. The writer met new friends in Solok City.

___________________________

False: 2,4,6,8,10,13,15,17,19

___________________________

Correct version:

1. The festival took place in Solok City, West Sumatra.
2. The women wore small silver headpieces. True is: The women wore large gold headpieces.
3. The festival took place from September 11 to September 13, 2025.
4. Bakawu is a modern music event. True is: Bakawu is an important farming event.
5. People shared food on banana leaves in the rice field.
6. The straw figures were made from fresh rice. True is: The straw figures were made from dry straw.
7. Silek Tuo was an old Minangkabau fighting art.
8. The fighters moved very quickly before they fought. True is: The fighters moved slowly before they fought.
9. The Randai actors stood in a large circle.
10. The actors did not sing any stories. True is: The actors sang old local stories.
11. The writer ate spicy Rendang beef.
12. Teh Talua was sweet tea with egg yolk and fresh lime juice.
13. The writer did not enjoy trying local food. True is: The writer enjoyed trying new local dishes.
14. More than ninety thousand people came to the festival.
15. The writer visited Solok City in East Java. True is: The writer visited Solok City in West Sumatra.
16. People played traditional games together.
17. The festival was without color. True is: The festival was full of color.
18. The writer wanted to stay longer.
19. The local people were unfriendly to visitors. True is: The local people were very kind and friendly to visitors.
20. The writer met new friends in Solok City.

####################

Match the sentence halves

1. The writer visited Solok City
2. The women wore
3. People shared food
4. The straw figures came from
5. Silek Tuo was
6. The Randai actors stood
7. The writer ate
8. Teh Talua was
9. More than ninety thousand people
10. The writer wanted to stay

A. in a large circle.
B. longer because the people were kind.
C. spicy Rendang beef and Sate Padang.
D. large gold headpieces.
E. on banana leaves in the rice field.
F. came to the festival.
G. dry straw from the rice fields.
H. an old Minangkabau fighting art.
I. in West Sumatra.
J. sweet tea with egg yolk and lime juice.

__________________________

Answer key:
1-I, 2-D, 3-E, 4-G, 5-H, 6-A,
7-C, 8-J, 9-F, 10-B

###################

Choose the true statement

1.
A. The festival took place in Solok City, West Sumatra.
B. The festival took place in Bandung, West Java.

2.
A. The festival took place from September 15 to September 17, 2025.
B. The festival took place from September 11 to September 13, 2025.

3.
A. The women wore small silver hats.
B. The women wore large gold headpieces.

4.
A. The men wore black taluk belanga shirts.
B. The men wore white shirts and blue trousers.

5.
A. People shared food on large plates in a restaurant.
B. People shared food on banana leaves in the rice field.

6.
A. Bakawu was an important farming event.
B. Bakawu was a traditional dance show.

7.
A. The straw figures were made from dry straw.
B. The straw figures were made from fresh green grass.

8.
A. Silek Tuo was a new Indonesian sport.
B. Silek Tuo was an old Minangkabau fighting art.

9.
A. The Randai actors stood in a large circle.
B. The Randai actors sat in a small room.

10.
A. The writer ate spicy Rendang beef.
B. The writer ate sweet Rendang chicken.

11.
A. Teh Talua was hot coffee with milk.
B. Teh Talua was sweet tea with egg yolk and fresh lime juice.

12.
A. More than nine thousand people came to the festival.
B. More than ninety thousand people came to the festival.

13.
A. People played traditional games together.
B. People watched modern computer games together.

14.
A. The writer wanted to leave early because the people were unfriendly.
B. The writer wanted to stay longer because the people were very kind and friendly.

_____________________________

Answer key:
1-A, 2-B, 3-B, 4-A, 5-B, 6-A,
7-A, 8-B, 9-A, 10-A, 11-B,
12-B, 13-A, 14-B

#####################

WH questions – answer in full sentences

1. Where did the writer visit?
2. When did the festival take place?
3. What did the women wear?
4. What did the men wear around their waists?
5. What did people do during Bakawu?
6. What were the large art figures made from?
7. What is Silek Tuo?
8. Where did the Randai actors stand?
9. What did the writer eat at the market?
10. What is Teh Talua?
11. How many people came to the festival?
12. Why did the writer want to stay longer?

___________________________

Correct answers:

1. Where did the writer visit? – The writer visited Solok City.
2. When did the festival take place? – The festival took place from September 11 to September 13, 2025.
3. What did the women wear? – The women wore large gold headpieces.
4. What did the men wear around their waists? – The men wore special cloth around their waists.
5. What did people do during Bakawu? – People prayed together and shared food on banana leaves.
6. What were the large art figures made from? – The large art figures were made from dry straw.
7. What is Silek Tuo? – Silek Tuo is an old Minangkabau fighting art.
8. Where did the Randai actors stand? – The Randai actors stood in a large circle.
9. What did the writer eat at the market? – The writer ate spicy Rendang beef and hot Sate Padang with soft rice cakes.
10. What is Teh Talua? – Teh Talua is sweet tea with egg yolk and fresh lime juice.
11. How many people came to the festival? – More than ninety thousand people came to the festival.
12. Why did the writer want to stay longer? – The writer wanted to stay longer because the people were very kind and friendly to visitors.

##################

Put the events in order

A. The writer watched a Randai show.
B. The writer tried local Minangkabau food at the market.
C. The writer visited Solok City during the festival.
D. The writer watched Silek Tuo.
E. The writer walked through the rice fields.
F. The writer saw large straw figures in the fields.
G. The writer drank Teh Talua.
H. The writer met new friends in Solok City.

________________________

Answer key: C, E, F, D, A, B, G, H

#################

Cause and result – match cause and result

1. People picked the rice. → ______
2. People wanted to thank God. → ______
3. The writer watched Silek Tuo. → ______
4. The Randai actors stood in a circle. → ______
5. The writer tried local food. → ______
6. The writer drank Teh Talua. → ______
7. More than 90,000 people came. → ______
8. The writer met local people. → ______

A. He learned about local culture.
B. They made large art figures from dry straw.
C. They came to enjoy the festival and local culture.
D. He tried a new local drink.
E. They prayed together and shared food.
F. He saw an old Minangkabau fighting art.
G. He enjoyed trying new local dishes.
H. They made a large circle for their show.

—————————————–

Answer key:
1-B, 2-E, 3-F, 4-H, 5-G, 6-D, 7-C, 8-A

###################

Read each statement. Find a sentence or part of a sentence in the text that supports it.

1. The festival attracted a very large number of visitors.
   → ______
2. The women had unusual decorations on their heads.
   → ______
3. The farming ceremony included a religious activity.
   → ______
4. The artists used material from the rice harvest.
   → ______
5. The fighters used slow movements before the fight.
   → ______
6. The writer tasted more than one local dish.
   → ______
7. The traditional show included both movement and music.
   → ______
8. The writer felt positive about the people he met.
   → ______

——————————————

Answer key:

1. More than ninety thousand local people and tourists came to the festival.
2. These were large gold headpieces that looked like tall crowns.
3. Local older people prayed together and shared food on banana leaves in the rice field.
4. The straw came from the rice fields after people picked the rice.
5. Two fighters moved slowly before they fought.
6. I ate spicy Rendang beef and hot Sate Padang with soft rice cakes.
7. The actors clapped their hands and hit their wide pants to make sounds. They also sang old local stories.
8. The people were very kind and friendly to visitors.

####################

Match the questions and answers

Questions

1. Where did you visit during the festival?
2. When did the festival take place?
3. What did you see in the rice fields?
4. What did the women wear on their heads?
5. What happened during Bakawu?
6. What did the people thank God for?
7. How did the Silek Tuo fighters move?
8. What happened during the Randai show?
9. Which local dishes did you taste?
10. What ingredients were in Teh Talua?
11. How many people came to the festival?
12. Why did you want to stay longer?

Answers

A. The actors stood in a large circle, made sounds, and sang old local stories.

B. They were grateful to God for a good rice crop.

C. More than ninety thousand local people and tourists were there.

D. There were colorful traditional clothes and large straw figures in the rice fields.

E. Rendang beef and Sate Padang with soft rice cakes were my choices.

F. Their movements were slow before the fight.

G. It happened from September 11 to September 13, 2025.

H. The people were very kind and friendly to visitors.

I. They had large gold headpieces on their heads.

J. Solok City in West Sumatra was my destination.

K. Sweet tea, egg yolk, and fresh lime juice were its ingredients.

L. Older local people prayed together and shared food on banana leaves.

___________________________

Answer key:
1-J, 2-G, 3-D, 4-I, 5-L, 6-B, 7-F,
8-A, 9-E, 10-K, 11-C, 12-H
___________________________

Correct dialogue:

1. Where did you visit during the festival? – Solok City in West Sumatra was my destination.
2. When did the festival take place? – It happened from September 11 to September 13, 2025.
3. What did you see in the rice fields? – There were colorful traditional clothes and large straw figures in the rice fields.
4. What did the women wear on their heads? – They had large gold headpieces on their heads.
5. What happened during Bakawu? – Older local people prayed together and shared food on banana leaves.
6. What did the people thank God for? – They were grateful to God for a good rice crop.
7. How did the Silek Tuo fighters move? – Their movements were slow before the fight.
8. What happened during the Randai show? – The actors stood in a large circle, made sounds, and sang old local stories.
9. Which local dishes did you taste? – Rendang beef and Sate Padang with soft rice cakes were my choices.
10. What ingredients were in Teh Talua? – Sweet tea, egg yolk, and fresh lime juice were its ingredients.
11. How many people came to the festival? – More than ninety thousand local people and tourists were there.
12. Why did you want to stay longer? – The people were very kind and friendly to visitors.

#####################

I _____ (visit) Solok City in West Sumatra during the Rang Solok Baralek Gadang festival from September 11 to September 13, 2025. I _____ (see) many Minangkabau people wearing colorful traditional clothes. The women _____ (wear) large gold suntiang headpieces, and the men _____ (wear) black traditional shirts.

I _____ (watch) Bakawu, an important farming event. Older local people _____ (pray) together and _____ (share) food in the rice fields. I also _____ (see) large art figures made from dry rice straw.

In the afternoon, I _____ (watch) Silek Tuo, an old Minangkabau fighting art. Later, I _____ (watch) a Randai show with local families. The actors _____ (sing) old stories, _____ (clap) their hands, and _____ (move) in a large circle.

At the market, I _____ (try) Rendang beef, Sate Padang, and Teh Talua. I _____ (enjoy) the local food and the friendly people. More than ninety thousand people _____ (visit) the festival. It _____ (be) a colorful experience, and I _____ (learn) much about Minangkabau culture.

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Correct version:

I visited Solok City in West Sumatra during the Rang Solok Baralek Gadang festival from September 11 to September 13, 2025. I saw many Minangkabau people wearing colorful traditional clothes. The women wore large gold suntiang headpieces, and the men wore black traditional shirts.

I watched Bakawu, an important farming event. Older local people prayed together and shared food in the rice fields. I also saw large art figures made from dry rice straw.

In the afternoon, I watched Silek Tuo, an old Minangkabau fighting art. Later, I watched a Randai show with local families. The actors sang old stories, clapped their hands, and moved in a large circle.

At the market, I tried Rendang beef, Sate Padang, and Teh Talua. I enjoyed the local food and the friendly people. More than ninety thousand people visited the festival. It was a colorful experience, and I learned much about Minangkabau culture.

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