Autor: wolfgang kugler

planning, discipline, and perseverance

HOW TO……..

REACH A PERSONAL GOAL

Here are some steps to help you achieve your personal goal:

### 1. **Define Your Goal Clearly**

– **Be Specific**: Ensure your goal is clear and specific. Instead of saying „I want to be fit,“ specify „I want to run a 5k marathon in six months.“

– **Measurable**: Make sure you can track your progress. For example, „I want to save $5,000 in a year.“

– **Achievable**: Set realistic goals that are attainable within your resources and time frame.

– **Relevant**: Ensure your goal aligns with your values and long-term objectives.

– **Time-Bound**: Set a deadline to create a sense of urgency.

### 2. **Break It Down**

– Divide your goal into smaller, manageable tasks. This makes it less overwhelming and helps you track progress more easily.

– Create a timeline with milestones and deadlines for these smaller tasks.

### 3. **Develop a Plan**

– **Action Steps**: Outline the steps needed to reach each milestone.

– **Resources**: Identify the resources you need, such as time, money, or support from others.

– **Obstacles**: Anticipate potential challenges and plan how to overcome them.

### 4. **Stay Motivated**

– **Visualize Success**: Regularly visualize yourself achieving your goal. This can increase motivation and focus.

– **Find Inspiration**: Surround yourself with positive influences, whether they are people, books, or environments.

– **Reward Yourself**: Set up a reward system for reaching milestones. This can help maintain motivation.

### 5. **Track Your Progress**

– **Journaling**: Keep a journal or log to record your progress, setbacks, and any insights you gain along the way.

– **Review Regularly**: Periodically review your progress and adjust your plan as needed.

### 6. **Stay Flexible and Persistent**

– **Adaptability**: Be prepared to adjust your plans as you encounter new information or obstacles.

– **Perseverance**: Stay committed to your goal, even when faced with difficulties. Remember that setbacks are part of the journey.

### 7. **Seek Support**

– **Accountability Partner**: Share your goal with someone who can help keep you accountable.

– **Professional Help**: Consider seeking guidance from a coach or mentor if your goal requires specific expertise.

### 8. **Celebrate Achievements**

– Celebrate your successes, no matter how small. Acknowledging your progress helps reinforce positive behavior and maintains momentum.

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### Example: Reaching a Fitness Goal

1. **Goal**: „I want to lose 20 pounds in six months.“

2. **Break it Down**: Monthly target of losing 3-4 pounds.

3. **Plan**:

– Action Steps: Exercise 4 times a week, meal prep on Sundays, drink 8 glasses of water daily.

– Resources: Gym membership, healthy recipes, water bottle.

– Obstacles: Busy work schedule, lack of motivation.

4. **Stay Motivated**:

– Visualize fitting into favorite clothes.

– Follow fitness influencers for inspiration.

– Reward: A new outfit for each 5 pounds lost.

5. **Track Progress**:

– Weekly weigh-ins.

– Food and exercise journal.

6. **Flexibility and Persistence**:

– Adjust workout routines if you hit a plateau.

– Keep going even if you have a bad week.

7. **Seek Support**:

– Workout with a friend.

– Consult a nutritionist.

8. **Celebrate**: Plan a fun activity or treat when reaching the halfway point.

By following these steps, you’ll create a structured approach to achieving your personal goal, making it more manageable and increasing your likelihood of success.

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In a bit simpler English:

### 1. **Know Your Goal**

– Be clear about what you want. For example, instead of „I want to be fit,“ say „I want to run a 5k in six months.“

### 2. **Make a Plan**

– Break your goal into small steps. If your goal is to save $5,000 in a year, figure out how much to save each month.

### 3. **Get Ready**

– Write down what you need to do. If you want to lose weight, plan to exercise, eat healthy, and drink water.

– Think about what might go wrong and how to handle it.

### 4. **Stay Motivated**

– Picture yourself achieving your goal.

– Find things or people that inspire you.

– Reward yourself when you complete steps.

### 5. **Keep Track**

– Write down what you do and your progress.

– Check regularly to see how you’re doing and adjust if needed.

### 6. **Be Flexible and Keep Going**

– Be ready to change your plan if needed.

– Don’t give up if things get tough. Keep trying.

### 7. **Get Support**

– Tell a friend about your goal so they can help you stay on track.

– Ask for help from experts if needed.

### 8. **Celebrate Success**

– Celebrate when you reach milestones to stay motivated.

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### Example: Getting Fit

1. **Goal**: „Lose 20 pounds in six months.“

2. **Plan**:

– Exercise 4 times a week.

– Prepare healthy meals on Sundays.

– Drink 8 glasses of water daily.

3. **Get Ready**:

– Join a gym.

– Find healthy recipes.

– Buy a water bottle.

4. **Stay Motivated**:

– Imagine fitting into your favorite clothes.

– Follow fitness blogs.

– Reward yourself with new clothes for each 5 pounds lost.

5. **Track**:

– Weigh yourself weekly.

– Write down what you eat and your exercises.

6. **Be Flexible**:

– Change workouts if needed.

– Keep going even if you have a bad week.

7. **Support**:

– Work out with a friend.

– See a nutritionist.

8. **Celebrate**: Plan a fun activity when you reach half your goal.

070624

some thoughts

Maintaining Khmer tradition is vital for Cambodia and its people for several reasons:

### 1. **Cultural Identity and National Pride**

Khmer traditions, including language, art, dance, music, and religious practices, form the core of Cambodian cultural identity. They instill a sense of pride and belonging among the people, reinforcing their connection to their historical roots and national heritage.

### 2. **Preservation of History**

Khmer traditions encompass historical narratives, folklore, and practices that have been passed down through generations. Preserving these traditions helps maintain a record of the country’s rich history, offering insights into past civilizations, their achievements, and their way of life.

### 3. **Cultural Continuity**

By keeping traditions alive, the continuity of Khmer culture is ensured. This continuity is essential for the transmission of cultural values, customs, and social norms from one generation to the next, fostering a cohesive and stable society.

### 4. **Tourism and Economic Benefits**

Khmer traditions, particularly those associated with the ancient Angkor Wat temple complex and other historical sites, are major attractions for tourists. Cultural tourism generates significant revenue for the country, supporting local economies and promoting global awareness of Cambodia’s unique heritage.

### 5. **Education and Community Building**

Traditional practices often involve communal activities that bring people together, strengthening social bonds and fostering a sense of community. Educational programs centered around Khmer traditions can also teach younger generations about their heritage, encouraging respect and appreciation for their culture.

### 6. **Moral and Ethical Values**

Many Khmer traditions are intertwined with Buddhist principles, which play a crucial role in shaping the moral and ethical framework of Cambodian society. These traditions promote values such as compassion, respect, and mindfulness, contributing to the social and spiritual well-being of the community.

### 7. **Resilience and Cultural Revival**

Cambodia’s recent history, particularly the Khmer Rouge period, resulted in the loss and suppression of many cultural practices. Reviving and preserving Khmer traditions is a way of healing from this past trauma, rebuilding national identity, and fostering resilience in the face of adversity.

### 8. **Global Cultural Diversity**

In a globalized world, preserving Khmer traditions adds to the tapestry of global cultural diversity. It allows Cambodia to share its unique cultural expressions with the world, fostering cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.

### Conclusion

Keeping up with Khmer traditions is essential for Cambodia’s cultural vitality, social cohesion, historical preservation, economic prosperity, and national identity. It ensures that the rich legacy of the Khmer people continues to thrive and adapt in a rapidly changing world, while also contributing to the global mosaic of cultures.

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A bit simpler English version:

1. **Preserving Unique Culture and Identity**:

– **Why it’s important**: Traditions are a big part of what makes Cambodia special. They include unique dances, music, festivals, and crafts that are different from other countries.

– **What it does**: Keeping these traditions alive helps Cambodians remember who they are and what makes their country unique. It’s like a big family story that everyone shares.

2. **Connecting to History**:

– **Why it’s important**: Traditions are passed down from one generation to the next. They tell the story of the country’s past.

– **What it does**: Knowing this history helps people feel proud of where they come from. It’s like knowing the roots of a tree; it helps the tree stand strong.

3. **Strengthening Community Bonds**:

– **Why it’s important**: Traditions often involve celebrations and activities that people do together.

– **What it does**: These shared experiences bring people closer, making communities stronger and more united. It’s like a big family gathering that everyone looks forward to.

4. **Boosting the Economy**:

– **Why it’s important**: Cambodia’s traditions can attract tourists who want to see and experience these unique customs.

– **What it does**: More tourists mean more business for hotels, restaurants, and shops, which helps the country’s economy grow. It’s like sharing a special recipe that everyone loves, and people come from far away just to try it.

5. **Spreading Knowledge Worldwide**:

– **Why it’s important**: When people from other countries learn about Khmer traditions, they gain respect and appreciation for Cambodia.

– **What it does**: This can lead to international recognition and support, enhancing Cambodia’s global standing. It’s like showing off a beautiful piece of art that everyone admires.

By keeping Khmer traditions alive, Cambodia ensures that its unique culture continues to thrive, benefits its people, and is celebrated around the world.

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060624

some useful advice

Communicating effectively with a superior is crucial for professional success and can help in building a strong working relationship. Here are some guidelines and tips to help you communicate with your superior:

### 1. **Be Prepared and Organized**

– **Know Your Facts:** Gather all necessary information and data before approaching your superior. This shows that you respect their time and are serious about the topic.

– **Prepare an Agenda:** If you’re setting up a meeting, outline the key points you want to discuss.

### 2. **Choose the Right Time and Place**

– **Consider Their Schedule:** Find a time when your superior is not rushed or stressed. If it’s a complex or sensitive issue, ask for a scheduled meeting.

– **Appropriate Setting:** For serious discussions, choose a private and quiet place.

### 3. **Be Clear and Concise**

– **Get to the Point:** Start with the main message or request. Avoid unnecessary details unless asked.

– **Structured Communication:** Use a logical structure such as the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) for explaining scenarios or projects.

### 4. **Be Respectful and Professional**

– **Use Formal Language:** Especially in written communication, use a professional tone and formal language.

– **Show Respect:** Always be respectful, even if you disagree with their opinion or decision.

### 5. **Listen Actively**

– **Pay Attention:** Listen to their feedback, suggestions, or instructions without interrupting.

– **Acknowledge Understanding:** Confirm that you understand their points by paraphrasing or summarizing what they said.

### 6. **Ask for Clarification**

– **Seek Understanding:** If something is not clear, ask for clarification. This demonstrates that you are attentive and eager to understand their expectations.

### 7. **Follow Up**

– **Summarize and Confirm:** After a discussion, summarize the key points and any agreed-upon actions in an email or a follow-up meeting.

– **Provide Updates:** Keep your superior informed about the progress of tasks or projects they assigned to you.

### 8. **Handle Criticism Positively**

– **Stay Composed:** If you receive criticism, remain calm and avoid becoming defensive.

– **Learn and Improve:** View criticism as an opportunity to learn and improve your performance.

### 9. **Express Gratitude**

– **Show Appreciation:** Thank your superior for their time, advice, or support. This fosters a positive relationship.

### 10. **Demonstrate Initiative and Accountability**

– **Take Responsibility:** Own your tasks and any mistakes you might make. Show that you are proactive in finding solutions.

– **Be Reliable:** Consistently meet deadlines and follow through on commitments.

### Practical Examples

1. **Requesting a Meeting:**

– Email: „Dear [Superior’s Name], I hope this message finds you well. I would like to discuss [specific topic or project] and would appreciate if we could schedule a meeting at your earliest convenience. Please let me know a suitable time for you. Thank you. Best regards, [Your Name]“

2. **During a Meeting:**

– „I wanted to discuss the progress of the XYZ project. We have completed the initial phase, and here are the results. I seek your feedback on the next steps and any adjustments we might need to make.“

3. **Receiving Feedback:**

– „Thank you for your feedback. I understand your points and will work on improving these areas. Could you please provide more details on how I can better approach this task?“

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your communication with your superior is effective, respectful, and productive.

the weather-man, weather woman 😉

You work at the front desk of a ***** hotel and receive a request on information on weather in rainy season. A possible answer by email could be:

Subject: Visiting Siem Reap During the Rainy Season

Dear [Friend’s Name],

I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to share some information about what to expect if you’re planning to visit Siem Reap during the rainy season.

The rainy season in Siem Reap runs from May to October. Here are some key points:

1. **Weather**:

– It rains often, usually in heavy, short bursts in the afternoon or evening.

– Temperatures stay warm, between 25°C (77°F) and 35°C (95°F).

2. **Tourist Experience**:

– Fewer tourists, so places like Angkor Wat are less crowded.

– The rain makes everything lush and green, perfect for photos.

– Some areas can get muddy, so bring good footwear and a raincoat or umbrella.

3. **Activities**:

– You can still visit temples and enjoy the beautiful, dramatic skies.

– Floating village tours are more interesting with higher water levels.

– There are plenty of indoor activities, like museums and cultural shows, for rainy days.

4. **Practical Tips**:

– Pack light rain gear, waterproof shoes, and an umbrella.

– Be flexible with your plans as the weather can change quickly.

– Keep an eye on weather forecasts to make the most of your trip.

Overall, visiting during the rainy season has its own charm and advantages. Just be prepared for the wet weather, and you’ll have a great time!

Best regards,

[Your Name]

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you provide some information

Tonle Sap Lake is very important for Cambodia for several reasons:

1. **Fishing**: It is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia and a major source of fish, providing food and income for millions of Cambodians.

2. **Agriculture**: The lake’s flooding cycles create fertile soil for farming, especially for rice, which is a staple food in Cambodia.

3. **Biodiversity**: Tonle Sap is home to many species of fish, birds, and other wildlife, making it an important ecological area.

4. **Water Supply**: It provides water for drinking, cooking, and irrigation for nearby communities.

5. **Culture and Tradition**: The lake supports traditional lifestyles and cultures of people living in floating villages around it.

In summary, Tonle Sap Lake is crucial for Cambodia’s food, water, economy, and cultural heritage.

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A more elaborate background information

Tonle Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, holds immense significance for Cambodia due to its ecological, economic, and cultural roles. Here’s a detailed overview of its importance:

### Ecological Significance

1. **Biodiversity**

– Tonle Sap is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, supporting a vast array of wildlife, including over 200 species of fish, numerous bird species, reptiles, and mammals. This biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance and health of the region.

2. **Flood Pulse System**

– The unique flood pulse system of Tonle Sap, where water levels rise and fall dramatically between the wet and dry seasons, creates a highly productive environment. This natural cycle replenishes nutrients and supports fish breeding and agricultural activities.

3. **Wetland Ecosystem**

– The lake’s wetland ecosystem acts as a natural water filtration system, improving water quality by trapping sediments and pollutants. It also provides flood protection, reducing the risk of damage to surrounding areas.

### Economic Importance

1. **Fisheries**

– Tonle Sap is the heart of Cambodia’s fishing industry, contributing to approximately 75% of the country’s inland fish catch. The lake supports the livelihoods of millions of Cambodians who rely on fishing as their primary source of income and food.

2. **Agriculture**

– The fertile floodplains around Tonle Sap are ideal for rice cultivation, supporting the agricultural economy. The seasonal floods deposit nutrient-rich sediments, enhancing soil fertility and boosting crop yields.

3. **Tourism**

– Tonle Sap attracts numerous tourists due to its unique hydrological phenomena, floating villages, and rich biodiversity. Ecotourism and cultural tourism around the lake provide significant revenue and employment opportunities for local communities.

### Cultural Significance

1. **Floating Villages**

– The floating villages on Tonle Sap are a testament to the unique way of life adapted to the lake’s seasonal changes. These communities have developed distinct cultural practices, traditions, and architectures that are integral to Cambodia’s cultural heritage.

2. **Historical Importance**

– Tonle Sap has been central to Cambodia’s history and civilization, influencing the development of the Khmer Empire. The Angkor Wat temple complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, relies on the water system of Tonle Sap and its rivers.

3. **Spiritual and Religious Significance**

– Many Cambodian myths, legends, and religious practices are associated with Tonle Sap, reflecting its deep spiritual significance. The lake and its waters are often revered in local traditions and ceremonies.

### Environmental Challenges

Despite its importance, Tonle Sap faces several environmental challenges, including:

– **Overfishing**

– Unsustainable fishing practices threaten fish populations and the livelihoods of local communities.

– **Pollution**

– Industrial, agricultural, and domestic pollution degrades water quality and affects the health of the ecosystem.

– **Climate Change**

– Altered weather patterns and rising temperatures impact the lake’s flood pulse system, affecting biodiversity and agricultural productivity.

– **Hydropower Development**

– Dams on the Mekong River and its tributaries disrupt the natural flow of water, affecting the seasonal flooding essential for the lake’s ecology and fisheries.

### Conclusion

Tonle Sap is vital for Cambodia due to its multifaceted role in supporting biodiversity, providing economic benefits, and preserving cultural heritage. Ensuring the sustainability of this crucial resource requires concerted efforts to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable management practices.

some exercises

Oum, a happy 10-year-old girl, wakes up every morning to bird songs. She____________ breakfast with her mother, then walks to school. She loves learning and playing with her friends. Science is her favorite subject, especially learning about space. After school, she quickly________________ her homework to play with her best friend, Sara. They ______________ to be explorers in the fields. In the evening, Oum helps her mother with dinner, then ___________family time playing games or watching movies. Before bed, she always ____________ a book, dreaming of the next day’s adventures.

FILL IN ABOVE: finishes – reads – pretend – eats – enjoys

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WHICH WORDS IN THE TEXT ARE WE LOOKING FOR?

1. Happy and smiling ______________

2. The sounds that birds make ______________

3. Getting new knowledge or skills ______________

4. A specific area of study like math or science ______________

5. The area beyond Earth where stars and planets are ______________

6. Doing something fast ______________

7. Acting like something is real when it is not ______________

8. Exciting and unusual experiences ______________

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REWRITE THE STORY IN PAST TENSE NOW, OUM IS 19 YEARS OLD.

Nine years ago, Oum, a happy 10-year-old girl, woke_ up

every morning to bird songs. She ate breakfast with her mother,………….

CONTINUE/COMPLETE

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She eats breakfast with her mother at 7am.

NOW FORM QUESTIONS TO WHICH THE FOLLOWING WORD/S IS/ARE THE ANSWER:

a) She

b) eats breakfast

c) breakfast

d) her mother

e) her

f) at 7am.

How to form questions in present simple, a link

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If you want you can send me your questions via SMFrockZ(at)gmx(dot)at, I#ll have a look at them and forward some advice, if necessary.

some basics

The Austrian school system is structured to provide education from early childhood to higher education. Here’s a simple breakdown of the key stages:

1. **Kindergarten (Volksschule)**:

– For children aged 3 to 6.

– Not mandatory but widely attended.

2. **Primary School (Grundschule)**:

– Starts at age 6 and lasts for 4 years (grades 1-4).

– Basic education in reading, writing, math, and general knowledge.

3. **Lower Secondary School**:

– After primary school, children go to either:

– **Neue Mittelschule (NMS)**: For all students, focusing on a broad education.

– **Gymnasium (AHS – Allgemeinbildende Höhere Schule)**: An academically oriented school, preparing students for higher education.

– This stage lasts for 4 years (grades 5-8).

4. **Upper Secondary School**:

– For students aged 14 to 18.

– Choices include:

– **Gymnasium (AHS)**: Continues from the lower secondary Gymnasium, ending with the Matura exam (equivalent to high school diploma).

– **Berufsbildende Mittlere Schule (BMS)**: Vocational middle schools lasting 1 to 4 years, preparing students for specific careers.

– **Berufsbildende Höhere Schule (BHS)**: Higher vocational schools lasting 5 years, combining general education and vocational training, also ending with the Matura exam.

5. **Post-secondary Education**:

– **Universities** and **Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Sciences)**: For higher education degrees like Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorates.

– **Berufsschulen (Apprenticeship Schools)**: Part of the dual education system, combining work-based training with classroom education.

This structure allows students to choose between a more academic path (Gymnasium and universities) or a vocational path (BMS/BHS and apprenticeship schools) based on their interests and career goals.

for Shinta Mani Foundation class 2023/24

1. **Knowledgeable**: A great gardener knows about different plants, flowers, and trees. They understand what each plant needs to grow well.

2. **Attention to Detail**: They pay close attention to the condition of the plants and the garden. They notice when something isn’t right and take action to fix it.

3. **Hard Working**: Being a gardener can be physically demanding. Great gardeners are willing to put in the hard work to keep the garden looking beautiful.

4. **Creativity**: They have creative ideas for arranging plants and designing the garden space. They can make the garden look unique and inviting.

5. **Careful Planning**: They plan ahead to make sure the garden looks good all year round. This might involve planting flowers that bloom at different times or choosing plants that can withstand different weather conditions.

6. **Communication Skills**: They communicate well with other staff members and guests. They might share information about the plants in the garden or give tips on how guests can enjoy the outdoor space.

7. **Passion**: A great gardener loves what they do. They take pride in their work and are always looking for ways to improve the garden.

8. **Flexibility**: They can adapt to changes in the weather or unexpected problems in the garden. They know how to problem solve and find solutions quickly.

9. **Environmentally Friendly**: They use sustainable practices in the garden, like composting or using natural fertilizers. They care about protecting the environment.

10. **Friendly and Approachable**: Guests should feel comfortable asking the gardener questions or talking to them about the garden. A great gardener is friendly and approachable to everyone.

for Shinta Mani Foundation class 2023/24

1. **Friendly and Approachable**: A great bartender is welcoming and makes customers feel comfortable. They greet guests with a smile and create a friendly atmosphere.

2. **Knowledgeable about Drinks**: They know their cocktails, beers, and wines. They can suggest drinks based on customer preferences and offer recommendations.

3. **Good Listener**: They listen attentively to customers‘ orders and preferences, ensuring they get the drink they want.

4. **Efficient and Organized**: A great bartender is quick and efficient in serving drinks, managing multiple orders at once while keeping the bar area clean and organized.

5. **Personable and Engaging**: They engage with customers, initiating conversations and creating a lively atmosphere.

6. **Responsible Serving**: They know when to cut off customers who have had too much to drink and ensure responsible alcohol consumption.

7. **Adaptability**: They can handle busy periods and unexpected situations with grace, adjusting their approach as needed to meet customer needs.

8. **Attention to Detail**: They pay attention to small details like garnishes and presentation, enhancing the overall experience for customers.

9. **Problem-Solving Skills**: They can resolve customer complaints or issues quickly and professionally.

10. **Team Player**: They work well with other staff members, cooperating to provide excellent service to guests throughout the hotel.

for Shinta Mani Foundation class 2023/24

1. **Attention to Detail**: Paying close attention to every little thing to make sure rooms are clean and tidy.

2. **Efficiency**: Working quickly and effectively to clean rooms in a timely manner.

3. **Reliability**: Being dependable and always showing up for shifts on time.

4. **Organization**: Keeping track of tasks and schedules to ensure all rooms are cleaned efficiently.

5. **Communication**: Being able to communicate with other staff members and supervisors if there are any issues or special requests from guests.

6. **Physical Stamina**: Having the physical strength and endurance to handle the demands of the job, which can involve a lot of walking, lifting, and bending.

7. **Customer Service Skills**: Being friendly and approachable to guests while respecting their privacy.

8. **Adaptability**: Being able to adapt to changes in schedule or unexpected situations that may arise during the workday.

9. **Knowledge of Cleaning Products**: Knowing how to use cleaning products safely and effectively to get the job done well.

10. **Pride in Work**: Taking pride in providing a clean and comfortable environment for guests to enjoy during their stay.