5. No clear rules or standards

There are very few official rules for eco-tourism. Some tours are really good for nature and local people, but others are bad. Tourists cannot always know if a hotel, guide, or tour is really eco-friendly. Without rules, some companies may cheat or lie about helping nature, and local people may not get fair benefits.

##################

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One big problem with eco-tourism is that there are very few clear rules or standards. Some eco-tourism tours are really good. They help nature, protect animals, and give money to local people. But other tours are not good. They may look like eco-tourism, but they can harm nature, animals, or local communities.

Tourists often do not know if a hotel, guide, or tour is really eco-friendly. Sometimes companies say they care about the environment, but they do not. Without clear rules, it is easy for companies to cheat. For example, a hotel can say it is eco-friendly, but it may use a lot of water or energy. A tour company may say it helps local people, but local communities may not get any money.

This problem is very serious. Tourists want to make good choices, but it is hard to know which tours are honest. Local people can also lose if companies do not follow fair rules. Good eco-tourism needs clear standards, inspections, and certificates. Without rules, eco-tourism can be more harmful than helpful.

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————————-

Vocabulary:

1. a rule – something you must do or must not do
2. a standard – a level of quality that is normal or correct
3. an official rule – a rule made by the government or an authority
4. eco-friendly – good for nature and the environment
5. to cheat – to lie or do something wrong to get an advantage
6. fair benefits – good things that are given to everyone in the right way
7. to protect animals – to keep animals safe from danger or harm
8. local people – people who live in the area
9. to harm nature – to hurt plants, animals, or the environment
10. a local community – a group of people living in the same area
11. to care about the environment – to think it is important to keep nature safe and clean
12. to make a good choice – to choose the best or right thing
13. to be honest – to tell the truth and not lie
14. to be a loser – to fail or not succeed
15. fair rules – rules that are good and equal for everyone
16. an inspection – a careful check to see if something is correct or safe
17. a certificate – an official paper that shows something is true or correct
18. to be harmful – to be bad or dangerous for people, animals, or nature

####################

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Multiple choice:

1. A rule is…
a) a paper you get at school
b) a place where people live
c) something you must do or not do

2. A standard is…
a) a type of thing that people use
b) a level of quality that is normal
c) a rule that everyone must follow

3. An official rule is…
a) a law made by the government
b) a rule only for some people
c) a rule that can change often

4. Eco-friendly means…
a) safe for people to use always
b) good for nature and the environment
c) useful for jobs or activities

5. To cheat means…
a) to do something others dislike
b) to lie or do something wrong
c) to try to win in the wrong way

6. Fair benefits are…
a) good things that everyone gets
b) helpful things for each person
c) things that give the same help

7. To protect animals means…
a) to keep animals safe
b) to make animals work
c) to watch animals

8. Local people are…
a) people who live in the area
b) people who work close to home
c) people who stay near the village

9. To harm nature means…
a) to make plants, rivers, or soil unsafe
b) to hurt plants, animals, or land
c) to damage trees, rivers, or soil

10. A local community is…
a) a set of people who live nearby
b) a group of people in one place
c) a group of people who live near

11. To care about the environment means…
a) to think it is important to keep nature safe
b) to try to keep the world clean and safe
c) to want to protect trees, water, and land

12. To make a good choice means…
a) to pick the correct thing to do
b) to choose the right thing
c) to select the thing that is the best

13. To be honest means…
a) to speak in a truthful and fair way
b) to tell the truth and not lie
c) to always say what is correct

14. To be a loser means…
a) to lose and not reach the goal
b) to fail or not succeed
c) to try but not win at something

15. Fair rules are…
a) rules that give the same chance to all
b) rules that apply to everyone
c) rules that are equal and fair

———–end of audio———

16. An inspection is…
a) a review to see if something is right
b) a careful check to see if things are correct
c) a close look to make sure things are okay

17. A certificate is…
a) a paper that proves something is correct
b) an official paper that says it is correct
c) a document that shows something is true

18. To be harmful means…
a) to make things unsafe for people or animals
b) to cause harm to people, animals, or plants
c) to be bad or dangerous for people, animals, or nature

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_____________________

Answers:

1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b, 5-b, 6-a, 7-a,
8-a, 9-b, 10-c, 11-a, 12-c, 13-b,
14-a, 15-c, 16-b, 17-c, 18-a

---

_____________________

Correct version:

---

1. A rule is –
   something you must do or not do
2. A standard is –
   a level of quality that is normal
3. An official rule is –
   a law made by the government
4. Eco-friendly means –
   good for nature and the environment
5. To cheat means –
   to lie or do something wrong
6. Fair benefits are –
   good things that everyone gets
7. To protect animals means –
   to keep animals safe
8. Local people are –
   people who live in the area
9. To harm nature means –
   to hurt plants, animals, or land
10. A local community is –
    a group of people who live near
11. To care about the environment means –
    to think it is important to keep nature safe
12. To make a good choice means –
    to pick the correct thing to do
13. To be honest means –
    to tell the truth and not lie
14. To be a loser means –
    to fail or not succeed
15. Fair rules are –
    rules that are equal and fair
16. An inspection is –
    a careful check to see if things are correct
17. A certificate is –
    an official paper that says it is correct
18. To be harmful means –
    to be bad or dangerous for people, animals, or nature

---

##################

---

Match the word with its definition

Words:

1. a rule
2. a standard
3. an official rule
4. eco-friendly
5. to cheat
6. fair benefits
7. to protect animals
8. local people
9. to harm nature
10. a local community
11. to care about the environment
12. to make a good choice
13. to be honest
14. to be a loser
15. fair rules
16. an inspection
17. a certificate
18. to be harmful

---

Definitions:

A. to keep animals safe
B. a careful check to see if things are correct
C. to lie or do something wrong
D. to think it is important to keep nature safe
E. a level of quality that is normal
F. rules that are equal and fair
G. a group of people who live near
H. something you must do or not do
I. a paper that shows something is true or correct
J. to be bad or dangerous for people, animals, or nature
K. to fail or not succeed
L. to hurt plants, animals, or land
M. a law made by the government
N. to pick the correct thing to do
O. to tell the truth and not lie
P. good things that everyone gets
Q. people who live in the area
R. good for nature and the environment

---

Answers

1-H, 2-E, 3-M, 4-R, 5-C, 6-P,
7-A, 8-Q, 9-L, 10-G, 11-D, 12-N,
13-O, 14-K, 15-F, 16-B, 17-I, 18-J

---

___________________________

Correct version:

---

1. a rule – something you must do or not do
2. a standard – a level of quality that is normal
3. an official rule – a law made by the government
4. eco-friendly – good for nature and the environment
5. to cheat – to lie or do something wrong
6. fair benefits – good things that everyone gets
7. to protect animals – to keep animals safe
8. local people – people who live in the area
9. to harm nature – to hurt plants, animals, or land
10. a local community – a group of people who live near
11. to care about the environment – to think it is important to keep nature safe
12. to make a good choice – to pick the correct thing to do
13. to be honest – to tell the truth and not lie
14. to be a loser – to fail or not succeed
15. fair rules – rules that are equal and fair
16. an inspection – a careful check to see if things are correct
17. a certificate – a paper that shows something is true or correct
18. to be harmful – to be bad or dangerous for people, animals, or nature

---

##################

Interview, fill in, words below:

rubbish – rules – helpful – animals – eco-tourism –
communities – clear – money – protect –
honest – energy – certificates –
truth – noise

—————————————

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Interviewer: Hello! Today we talk about eco-tourism. Can you tell us what one big problem is?
Expert: Yes. One big problem is that there are very few clear rules or standards for __________.

Interviewer: What does that mean?
Expert: It means there are no official __________ to show if a tour or hotel is really eco-friendly.

Interviewer: Are all eco-tours bad?
Expert: No, not at all. Some tours are really good. They help nature, __________ animals, and give money to local people.

Interviewer: But some tours are not good, right?
Expert: That’s right. Some only look like eco-tourism, but they can harm nature or __________.

Interviewer: How can a tour harm nature?
Expert: It can use too many cars, make a lot of __________, or throw rubbish in natural places.

Interviewer: And what about local people?
Expert: Sometimes local __________ do not get any money, even when the tour says it helps them.

Interviewer: Why can this happen?
Expert: Because there are no clear rules or inspections to check if companies tell the__________.

Interviewer: Can some companies cheat?
Expert: Yes, they can. A hotel can say it is eco-friendly, but maybe it uses a lot of water or __________.

Interviewer: What can tourists do?
Expert: Tourists can ask questions, read reviews, and try to choose __________ tours and hotels.

Interviewer: Is it easy for tourists to make a good choice?
Expert: No, it is not easy. Without __________ standards, it is hard to know which tours are really good.

Interviewer: Who loses when companies are not honest?
Expert: Both tourists and local people lose. Tourists lose trust, and local people lose _________ and jobs.

Interviewer: What can help to solve this problem?
Expert: We need fair rules, inspections, and __________ to show which tours are truly eco-friendly.

Interviewer: Why are clear rules so important?
Expert: Because without rules, eco-tourism can become more harmful than __________ for nature and people.

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___________________________

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Interview: The Problem with Eco-tourism Rules

Interviewer: Hello! Today we talk about eco-tourism. Can you tell us what one big problem is?
Expert: Yes. One big problem is that there are very few clear rules or standards for eco-tourism.

Interviewer: What does that mean?
Expert: It means there are no official rules to show if a tour or hotel is really eco-friendly.

Interviewer: Are all eco-tours bad?
Expert: No, not at all. Some tours are really good. They help nature, protect animals, and give money to local people.

Interviewer: But some tours are not good, right?
Expert: That’s right. Some only look like eco-tourism, but they can harm nature or animals.

Interviewer: How can a tour harm nature?
Expert: It can use too many cars, make a lot of noise, or throw rubbish in natural places.

Interviewer: And what about local people?
Expert: Sometimes local communities do not get any money, even when the tour says it helps them.

Interviewer: Why can this happen?
Expert: Because there are no clear rules or inspections to check if companies tell the truth.

Interviewer: Can some companies cheat?
Expert: Yes, they can. A hotel can say it is eco-friendly, but maybe it uses a lot of water or energy.

Interviewer: What can tourists do?
Expert: Tourists can ask questions, read reviews, and try to choose honest tours and hotels.

Interviewer: Is it easy for tourists to make a good choice?
Expert: No, it is not easy. Without clear standards, it is hard to know which tours are really good.

Interviewer: Who loses when companies are not honest?
Expert: Both tourists and local people lose. Tourists lose trust, and local people lose money and jobs.

Interviewer: What can help to solve this problem?
Expert: We need fair rules, inspections, and certificates to show which tours are truly eco-friendly.

Interviewer: Why are clear rules so important?
Expert: Because without rules, eco-tourism can become more harmful than helpful for nature and people.

---

###################

Cheat sheet:

• influence on climate?
  

4. Travel pollution
To visit eco-tourism places, tourists often use planes, cars, or motorboats. These vehicles create carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is bad for the climate and air. Even if the place is “eco,” the journey itself can make a big pollution problem. Sometimes, local buses or boats are not modern or clean, and this adds to air and water pollution.

###################

Eco-tourism tries to protect nature and help local people, but traveling to eco-places can still cause pollution. Many eco-tourism spots are far away, so tourists often need planes, cars, or motorboats to get there. These vehicles use fuel and make carbon dioxide (CO₂), which warms the Earth and harms the air. Even when people travel to “eco” places, the trip itself can hurt the environment.

Airplanes make a lot of CO₂, and cars and buses also create smoke when they burn petrol or diesel. In some places, local buses and boats are old and not clean, so they add to air and water pollution. Some motorboats even leak oil into rivers or the sea, which is bad for fish and other animals.

However, this does not mean eco-tourism should stop. It can still be good if people travel carefully. Tourists can choose trains instead of planes, share cars, or take direct flights. They can stay longer in one place instead of moving often. Eco-tourism can also teach people to protect nature and respect local life. So, even if travel causes some pollution, eco-tourism can still help the planet when it is done responsibly.

_______________________

Vocabulary:

• Pollution – when air, water, or land becomes dirty.
• Climate – the usual weather in a place.
• A journey – when you travel from one place to another.
• To add to something – to make something bigger or worse.
• To try – to make an effort to do something.
• To protect nature – to keep animals, plants, and the environment safe.
• To cause pollution – to make the air, water, or land dirty.
• Fuel – something (like petrol or gas) that makes cars, planes, or boats work.
• To harm the air – to make the air dirty or bad for breathing.
• To hurt the environment – to damage nature, animals, or plants.
• To burn petrol – to use petrol to make a car or machine work.
• Water pollution – when water becomes dirty or unsafe.
• To leak oil – when oil comes out of a machine or boat by accident.
• However – a word to show a different or opposite idea.
• To share a car – to travel in one car with other people.
• Instead of – in place of something else.
• To respect local life – to be kind and polite to people and their way of living.
• To do something responsibly – to do something in a careful and good way.

##################

Mulitple choice:

1. Pollution is when …
   a) air or water becomes dirty
   b) people build new houses
   c) the sun is shining
2. The climate in Thailand is …
   a) very noisy
   b) always hot and wet
   c) full of traffic
3. A journey means …
   a) a trip from one place to another
   b) a kind of food
   c) a local dance
4. Too many cars add to the city’s problems because …
   a) they make the city cleaner
   b) they make new parks
   c) they make more pollution
5. People try to live green when they …
   a) sleep all day
   b) throw away plastic
   c) care about nature
6. Eco-tourists want to protect nature by …
   a) keeping it clean
   b) cutting down trees
   c) feeding wild animals
7. Factories cause pollution when they …
   a) make dirty smoke
   b) clean the river
   c) paint the walls
8. Cars need fuel to …
   a) stop and rest
   b) move and work
   c) cool the air
9. Smoke from cars harms the air because …
   a) it helps people breathe
   b) it makes the air dirty
   c) it smells like flowers
10. Throwing trash in the forest hurts the environment because …
    a) it looks beautiful
    b) it helps the animals
    c) it damages nature
11. Cars burn petrol when …
    a) they drive
    b) they stop
    c) they park
12. Water pollution happens when …
    a) the river is clean
    b) it rains a lot
    c) the water becomes dirty
13. A boat can leak oil when …
    a) oil comes out by mistake
    b) it goes very fast
    c) it stops at the port
14. However, some tourists …
    a) like long flights
    b) do not think before they travel
    c) sleep in hotels
15. You can share a car to …
    a) travel with friends
    b) buy a new car
    c) walk faster
16. You can take the train instead of …
    a) flying by plane
    b) going to school
    c) reading a book
17. Tourists should respect local life by …
    a) talking very loudly
    b) taking photos of everything
    c) being kind to local people
18. To do something responsibly means …
    a) to do it in a careful way
    b) to do it only once
    c) to do it very fast

___________________
Answers:
1a, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5c, 6a, 7a, 8b,
9b, 10c, 11a, 12c, 13a, 14b,
15a, 16a, 17c, 18a

___________________

Correct version:

1. Pollution – when air or water becomes dirty
2. Climate – always hot and wet
3. A journey – a trip from one place to another
4. To add to something – they make more pollution
5. To try – care about nature
6. To protect nature – keeping it clean
7. To cause pollution – make dirty smoke
8. Fuel – move and work
9. To harm the air – it makes the air dirty
10. To hurt the environment – it damages nature
11. To burn petrol – they drive
12. Water pollution – the water becomes dirty
13. To leak oil – oil comes out by mistake
14. However – do not think before they travel
15. To share a car – travel with friends
16. Instead of – flying by plane
17. To respect local life – being kind to local people
18. To do something responsibly – to do it in a careful way

##################

Word/s-definition match:

Words:

1. Pollution
2. Climate
3. A journey
4. To add to something
5. To try
6. To protect nature
7. To cause pollution
8. Fuel
9. To harm the air
10. To hurt the environment
11. To burn petrol
12. Water pollution
13. To leak oil
14. However
15. To share a car
16. Instead of
17. To respect local life
18. To do something responsibly

Definitions:

A. To travel in one car with other people
B. When water becomes dirty or unsafe
C. To keep animals, plants, and the environment safe
D. When you travel from one place to another
E. To use petrol to make a car or machine work
F. To make an effort to do something
G. A word to show a different or opposite idea
H. The usual weather in a place
I. To make something bigger or worse
J. Something that makes cars, planes, or boats work
K. To do something in a careful and good way
L. To make the air dirty or bad for breathing
M. To damage nature, animals, or plants
N. When air or water becomes dirty
O. In place of something else
P. To be kind and polite to people and their way of living
Q. When oil comes out of a machine or boat by accident
R. To make the air, water, or land dirty

Answers:
1–N, 2–H, 3–D, 4–I, 5–F, 6–C,
7–R, 8–J, 9–L, 10–M, 11–E,
12–B, 13–Q, 14–G, 15–A,
16–O, 17–P, 18–K

###############

True or False:

1. To travel “instead of” flying means not flying but going another way.
2. Eco-tourism always helps the planet and never causes pollution.
3. “Fuel” means something that makes cars, planes, or boats work.
4. To “add to” pollution means to make it smaller.
5. Old boats can leak oil into rivers and seas.
6. “Climate” means the usual weather in a place.
7. Tourists should respect local life by being noisy and rude.
8. Eco-tourism can still be good if tourists travel carefully.
9. To “protect nature” means to keep animals and plants safe.
10. Cars and planes create carbon dioxide, which is bad for the air.
11. To “do something responsibly” means to do it in a careful and good way.
12. Water pollution means the air becomes dirty.
13. To “try” means to make an effort to do something.
14. “However” shows a different or opposite idea.

_____________________

True: 1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,13,14
_____________________

Correct version:

1. To travel “instead of” flying means not flying but going another way.
2. Eco-tourism always helps the planet and never causes pollution. True is: Eco-tourism can help the planet but traveling can still cause pollution.
3. “Fuel” means something that makes cars, planes, or boats work.
4. To “add to” pollution means to make it smaller. True is: To “add to” pollution means to make it bigger or worse.
5. Old boats can leak oil into rivers and seas.
6. “Climate” means the usual weather in a place.
7. Tourists should respect local life by being noisy and rude. True is: Tourists should respect local life by being polite and careful.
8. Eco-tourism can still be good if tourists travel carefully.
9. To “protect nature” means to keep animals and plants safe.
10. Cars and planes create carbon dioxide, which is bad for the air.
11. To “do something responsibly” means to do it in a careful and good way.
12. Water pollution means the air becomes dirty. True is: Water pollution means the water becomes dirty or unsafe.
13. To “try” means to make an effort to do something.
14. “However” shows a different or opposite idea.

####################

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Fill in the blanks, words given below:

leak oil – share a car – add to – climate – fuel –
respect local life – water pollution – journey –
burn petrol – try – do something responsibly –
protect nature – harm the air –
instead of – however –
pollution

1. Tourists can ___________ by taking trains or buses instead of planes.
2. Cars and planes use ___________ to move.
3. A long ___________ to an eco-tourism place can make the environment dirty.
4. Eco-tourists want to ___________ by keeping animals and plants safe.
5. Old motorboats can ___________ into rivers and lakes.
6. Smoke from cars can ___________ and make it dirty.
7. Factories and cars create ___________ in the air and water.
8. To be polite to local people means to ___________.
9. People should ___________ to protect the planet when they travel.
10. Tourists should not throw trash because it can ___________ the environment.
11. Cars ___________ petrol to drive.
12. Rivers and lakes can get ___________ if boats leak or people throw trash.
13. Tourists can ___________ to reduce the number of cars on the road.
14. ___________, travel can still cause pollution even if the place is “eco.”
15. “Climate” means the usual weather in a place.
16. To ___________ means to do something in a careful and good way.

——————————-

Full version:

1. Tourists can take trains or buses instead of planes.
2. Cars and planes use fuel to move.
3. A long journey to an eco-tourism place can make the environment dirty.
4. Eco-tourists want to protect nature by keeping animals and plants safe.
5. Old motorboats can leak oil into rivers and lakes.
6. Smoke from cars can harm the air and make it dirty.
7. Factories and cars create pollution in the air and water.
8. To be polite to local people means to respect local life.
9. People should try to protect the planet when they travel.
10. Tourists should not throw trash because it can add to the environment problems.
11. Cars burn petrol to drive.
12. Rivers and lakes can get water pollution if boats leak or people throw trash.
13. Tourists can share a car to reduce the number of cars on the road.
14. However, travel can still cause pollution even if the place is “eco.”
15. Climate means the usual weather in a place.
16. To do something responsibly means to do it in a careful and good way.

#####################

Dialogue, fill in, words below:

eco-tourism – sharing – planet – boats – protects –
pollution – environment – choose –
culture – responsibility –
traveling – a lot –
local – respect

———————————–

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J: Why does travel create pollution?
E: Travel creates pollution because planes, cars, and __________ release carbon dioxide.

J: When is travel most harmful to the __________?
E: It is most harmful during long flights or when old vehicles are used.

J: Who is responsible for travel pollution?
E: Everyone—tourists, transport companies, and governments share __________ .

J: Where is __________ the most useful?
E: In places with fragile nature or small communities, where local people benefit.

J: Which vehicles make the most carbon dioxide?
E: Airplanes make the most CO₂, but old cars and boats also pollute __________.

J: Why should tourists respect local life?
E: Because it __________ the culture and helps communities live safely.

J: How can travel still be eco-friendly?
E: By using trains, __________ cars, staying longer, and avoiding too many trips.

J: What is the main idea of eco-tourism?
E: Visiting a place in a way that is good for nature and __________ people.

J: When should tourists plan their trips?
E: Before __________, to reduce journeys and avoid pollution.

J: Who benefits from eco-tourism?
E: Local people, nature, and also the tourists, because they learn __________.

J: Which is better for short trips, planes or trains?
E: Trains are better because they create less __________.

J: Why is it important to avoid water pollution?
E: Dirty rivers and seas harm fish, plants, and people living nearby.

J: Where can tourists learn about local _________?
E: In villages, markets, and through eco-tourism programs.

J: Why should people __________ eco-friendly travel?
E: Because it allows them to see the world without harming the __________.

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——————————-

Correct version:

J: Why does travel create pollution?
E: Travel creates pollution because planes, cars, and boats release carbon dioxide.

J: When is travel most harmful to the environment?
E: It is most harmful during long flights or when old vehicles are used.

J: Who is responsible for travel pollution?
E: Everyone—tourists, transport companies, and governments share responsibility.

J: Where is eco-tourism the most useful?
E: In places with fragile nature or small communities, where local people benefit.

J: Which vehicles make the most carbon dioxide?
E: Airplanes make the most CO₂, but old cars and boats also pollute a lot.

J: Why should tourists respect local life?
E: Because it protects the culture and helps communities live safely.

J: How can travel still be eco-friendly?
E: By using trains, sharing cars, staying longer, and avoiding too many trips.

J: What is the main idea of eco-tourism?
E: Visiting a place in a way that is good for nature and local people.

J: When should tourists plan their trips?
E: Before traveling, to reduce journeys and avoid pollution.

J: Who benefits from eco-tourism?
E: Local people, nature, and also the tourists, because they learn respect.

J: Which is better for short trips, planes or trains?
E: Trains are better because they create less pollution.

J: Why is it important to avoid water pollution?
E: Dirty rivers and seas harm fish, plants, and people living nearby.

J: Where can tourists learn about local culture?
E: In villages, markets, and through eco-tourism programs.

J: Why should people choose eco-friendly travel?
E: Because it allows them to see the world without harming the planet.

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• local people benefit?

3. Local people do not get enough benefit

Often, money from eco-tourism goes to big companies or people outside the village, not to local families. Sometimes, villagers lose their land or are forced to change their homes for tourists. Local culture, traditions, and festivals can become like a show for visitors instead of real life. People may get jobs with low pay or only work in restaurants or shops for tourists, not in their normal farming or craft work.

#################

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Tourism can bring money to villages and towns. It can help people have jobs and make more money. But often, local people do not get enough benefit. Many times, most of the money goes to big companies or to people who live outside the village. Local families may get only small jobs with low pay. They may work in shops, restaurants, or as guides for tourists, but they cannot earn much from their normal work, like farming, fishing, or making crafts.

Sometimes, tourism can harm local people. Villagers may lose their land or homes to make space for hotels, resorts, or tourist attractions. This is not fair because the local people cannot use their land anymore. Also, tourism can change local culture and traditions. Festivals, dances, and ceremonies that were once part of real life may become shows only for tourists. This is not real life and can make traditions lose their true meaning.

Eco-tourism should help local people and the environment. Villagers should get fair jobs and fair money. They should keep their land and continue their normal life. Tourists should respect local life and traditions. If tourism only brings money to outsiders, local people can lose their home, work, and culture.

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___________________

Vocabulary:

• to benefit – to get help, money, or something good from something.
• a villager – a person who lives in a village.
• to be forced – to have to do something even if you do not want to.
• instead of – not this, but that; as a replacement.
• low pay job – work where you get little money.
• farming work – work on a farm, like growing plants or looking after animals.
• craft work – making things by hand, like baskets, clothes, or art.
• to earn money – to get money by working.
• to make crafts – to make things by hand, like art or useful objects.
• sometimes – not always; now and then.
• to harm people – to hurt people or make life worse for them.
• to make space for something – to clear an area so something else can be there.
• to lose meaning – to stop being important or real.
• environment – the world around us, like nature, rivers, and land.
• a fair job – a job that is good and just, with fair rules.
• fair money – money that is enough and right for the work.
• to respect local life – to be polite and careful about the way people live.
• an outsider – a person who is not from the village or local area.

#################

Multiple choice test:

---

1. To benefit means…
   a) to get help
   b) to lose money
   c) to work hard
2. A villager is…
   a) a person who travels
   b) a person who lives there
   c) a city worker
3. To be forced means…
   a) to choose freely
   b) to have to do it
   c) to help someone
4. Instead of means…
   a) not this, but that
   b) very fast
   c) at the same time
5. Low pay job is…
   a) work with much money
   b) work with little money
   c) work for fun
6. Farming work is…
   a) work in a shop
   b) work on a farm
   c) work at home
7. Craft work is…
   a) running fast
   b) cleaning house
   c) making things
8. To earn money means…
   a) to get money
   b) to give money
   c) to spend money
9. To make crafts means…
   a) make things
   b) cook food
   c) read books
10. Sometimes means…
    a) every day
    b) not always
    c) never
11. To harm people means…
    a) speak softly
    b) help people
    c) hurt people
12. To make space for something means…
    a) clear area
    b) hide things
    c) take away
13. To lose meaning means…
    a) happen often
    b) stop being inportant
    c) be clear
14. Environment is…
    a) type of building
    b) person outside
    c) world around
15. A fair job is…
    a) very easy
    b) only for kids
    c) good rules
16. Fair money is…
    a) enough money
    b) very small
    c) never given
17. To respect local life means…
    a) be polite
    b) change life
    c) ignore rules
18. An outsider is…
    a) farm worker
    b) not from village
    c) village person

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____________________
Answers:
1-a, 2-b, 3-b, 4-a, 5-b, 6-b, 7-c,
8-a, 9-a, 10-b, 11-c, 12-a, 13-b,
14-c, 15-c, 16-a, 17-a, 18-b

##############

Match word/s and definition:

---

Words:

1. to benefit
2. a villager
3. to be forced
4. instead of
5. low pay job
6. farming work
7. craft work
8. to earn money
9. to make crafts
10. sometimes
11. to harm people
12. to make space for something
13. to lose meaning
14. environment
15. a fair job
16. fair money
17. to respect local life
18. an outsider

Definitions:

A. to hurt people or make life worse
B. a person who lives in a village
C. money that is enough and right for work
D. to have to do something even if you do not want
E. to get money by working
F. making things by hand, like art or useful objects
G. to stop being important or real
H. not this, but that
I. work on a farm, like growing plants or looking after animals
J. to clear an area so something else can be there
K. work where you get little money
L. to be polite and careful about the way people live
M. not always
N. a person who is not from the village
O. to get help, money, or something good from something
P. work of making things by hand, like baskets, clothes, or art
Q. a job that is good and just, with fair rules
R. the world around us, like nature, rivers, and land

___________________

Answers:
1-O, 2-B, 3-D, 4-H, 5-K,
6-I, 7-P, 8-E, 9-F, 10-M, 11-A,
12-J, 13-G, 14-R, 15-Q,
16-C, 17-L, 18-N

___________________

Correct version:

1. to benefit – to get help, money, or something good from something
2. a villager – a person who lives in a village
3. to be forced – to have to do something even if you do not want
4. instead of – not this, but that
5. low pay job – work where you get little money
6. farming work – work on a farm, like growing plants or looking after animals
7. craft work – work of making things by hand, like baskets, clothes, or art
8. to earn money – to get money by working
9. to make crafts – making things by hand, like art or useful objects
10. sometimes – sometimes; not always
11. to harm people – to hurt people or make life worse
12. to make space for something – to clear an area so something else can be there
13. to lose meaning – to stop being important or real
14. environment – the world around us, like nature, rivers, and land
15. a fair job – a job that is good and just, with fair rules
16. fair money – money that is enough and right for work
17. to respect local life – to be polite and careful about the way people live
18. an outsider – a person who is not from the village

################

True or false:

---

1. Villagers often lose their land to make space for tourists.
2. Local people always earn most of the money from tourism.
3. Festivals and traditions can become shows for visitors.
4. Big companies often take most of the money from eco-tourism.
5. Villagers can always continue their normal farming work when tourists come.
6. Tourism can bring jobs with low pay for local people.
7. Local culture never changes because of tourism.
8. Sometimes villagers are forced to change their homes.
9. Tourism can make local traditions lose their real meaning.
10. Villagers sometimes work in restaurants or shops for tourists.
11. Tourism can bring some money and benefits to local people.
12. Local culture and life always stay the same when tourism comes.
13. Villagers always get high pay and full control over tourism projects.
14. Eco-tourism can harm local people if it only benefits outsiders.

---

_______________________

True: 1,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,14

_______________________

Correct version:

---

1. Villagers often lose their land to make space for tourists.
2. Local people always earn most of the money from tourism. True is: Local people often do not earn most of the money from tourism.
3. Festivals and traditions can become shows for visitors.
4. Big companies often take most of the money from eco-tourism.
5. Villagers can always continue their normal farming work when tourists come. True is: Villagers sometimes cannot continue their normal farming work when tourists come.
6. Tourism can bring jobs with low pay for local people.
7. Local culture never changes because of tourism. True is: Local culture can change because of tourism.
8. Sometimes villagers are forced to change their homes.
9. Tourism can make local traditions lose their real meaning.
10. Villagers sometimes work in restaurants or shops for tourists.
11. Tourism can bring some money and benefits to local people.
12. Local culture and life always stay the same when tourism comes. True is: Local culture and life can change when tourism comes.
13. Villagers always get high pay and full control over tourism projects. True is: Villagers often get low pay and have little control over tourism projects.
14. Eco-tourism can harm local people if it only benefits outsiders.

---

###################

Reorder the sentences:

---

1.

• Villagers
• lose
• their land
• often
• to build hotels or attractions
  
  YOU WRITE:
  Villagers often lose their land to build hotels or attractions.

2.

• for visitors
• festivals and traditions
• instead of real life
• can become
• shows
  
  ______________________________________

3.

• take
• big companies
• most of the money
• from eco-tourism
• and outsiders
  
  ______________________________________

4.

• in shops or restaurants
• sometimes
• villagers
• work
• for tourists
  
  ______________________________________

5.

• if
• tourism
• it only benefits outsiders
• can
• harm local people
  
  ______________________________________

6.

• Villagers
• their normal work
• cannot
• continue
• sometimes
  
  ______________________________________

7.

• Local culture
• lose
• its meaning
• can
• because of tourism
  
  ______________________________________

————————
Correct order:

1. Villagers often lose their land to build hotels or attractions.
2. Festivals and traditions can become shows for visitors instead of real life.
3. Big companies and outsiders take most of the money from eco-tourism.
4. Villagers sometimes work in shops or restaurants for tourists.
5. Tourism can harm local people if it only benefits outsiders.
6. Sometimes villagers cannot continue their normal work.
7. Local culture can lose its meaning because of tourism.
   
   #################

Interview with a local on the influence of tourism on his village,
complete, fill in, words below:

villagers – outsiders – jobs – problems –
traditions – watch – guides –
perform – homes –
here

———————————

---

1. Q: What is your name?
A: My name is Sita.

2. Q: Where do you live?
A: I live in Ban Phu Village.

3. Q: Who lives in your village?
A: Many families and __________ live here.

4. Q: How long do you live here?
A: I live ___________ all my life.

5. Q: Why do tourists come to your village?
A: Tourists come to see our farms, houses, and__________ .

6. Q: How does tourism affect villagers?
A: Tourism gives _________, but big companies take most money.

7. Q: What jobs do villagers do for tourists?
A: Villagers work in shops, restaurants, or as __________ .

8. Q: Who earns most money from tourism?
A: Big companies and __________ earn most money.

9. Q: What do villagers lose because of tourism?
A: Villagers lose land, space for farming, and sometimes __________.

10. Q: When do festivals change?
A: Festivals change when tourists visit and __________ them.

11. Q: How do traditions feel now?
A: Traditions feel different because we __________ mainly for tourists.

12. Q: Does tourism bring only good things?
A: No, tourism brings some money, but it also brings __________ for villagers.

---

______________________

Full version:

---

1. Q: What is your name?
A: My name is Sita.

2. Q: Where do you live?
A: I live in Ban Phu Village.

3. Q: Who lives in your village?
A: Many families and villagers live here.

4. Q: How long do you live here?
A: I live here all my life.

5. Q: Why do tourists come to your village?
A: Tourists come to see our farms, houses, and traditions.

6. Q: How does tourism affect villagers?
A: Tourism gives jobs, but big companies take most money.

7. Q: What jobs do villagers do for tourists?
A: Villagers work in shops, restaurants, or as guides.

8. Q: Who earns most money from tourism?
A: Big companies and outsiders earn most money.

9. Q: What do villagers lose because of tourism?
A: Villagers lose land, space for farming, and sometimes homes.

10. Q: When do festivals change?
A: Festivals change when tourists visit and watch them.

11. Q: How do traditions feel now?
A: Traditions feel different because we perform mainly for tourists.

12. Q: Does tourism bring only good things?
A: No, tourism brings some money, but it also brings problems for villagers.

---

###################

Unscramble words, find phrase we are looking for:

• tourism’s biggest problem – be part of the solution?

B1

Overtourism

Overtourism is the phenomenon where a popular destination becomes so overcrowded with visitors that it negatively impacts the quality of life for residents, the experience for tourists, and the environment itself. It’s not just about large numbers; it’s about the concentration of those numbers in specific places at specific times.

Here’s a breakdown of why overtourism is the central problem and how it connects to other critical issues:

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1. The Core Issue: Overtourism as a Symptom and a Cause

Overtourism is both a symptom of tourism’s success and a cause of its most severe problems.

• Geographical Concentration: Mass tourism isn’t spread evenly. It focuses on a small number of „honeypot“ locations like Venice, Barcelona, Kyoto, Amsterdam, and Machu Picchu.
• Seasonality: The problem is exacerbated by everyone traveling at the same time (e.g., summer in Europe, holidays).

2. The Cascading Effects of Overtourism

This central problem creates a domino effect of other major issues:

A. Environmental Degradation

• Strain on Resources: Overwhelms local water and energy supplies.
• Pollution: Increased air pollution from travel, noise pollution, and litter.
• Ecosystem Damage: Erosion of natural trails, damage to coral reefs, and disruption of wildlife. A classic example is the temporary closure of Maya Bay in Thailand („The Beach“) to allow its ecosystem to recover.

B. Socio-Cultural Resentment

• Loss of Authenticity: Historic towns become crowded, commercialized theme parks, losing their original character.
• Displacement of Residents: The rise of short-term rentals (like Airbnb) drives up housing costs, pushing locals out of city centers.
• Resident Anger: This leads to protests and anti-tourism sentiment, as seen in graffiti and demonstrations in cities like Barcelona and Venice.

C. Degradation of the Tourist Experience

• Long Lines and Crowds: The very attractions people come to see are spoiled by the crowds.
• Rising Prices: Locals and tourists alike face inflated prices for goods, services, and accommodation.
• Homogenization: Unique local shops are replaced by international chains and souvenir shops, making every destination feel the same.

D. Economic Vulnerability

• Leakage: A significant portion of tourism revenue often leaks out to international corporations (airlines, hotel chains, tour operators) rather than benefiting the local economy.
• Over-reliance: Destinations become dependent on tourism, making them extremely vulnerable to shocks like pandemics, natural disasters, or political instability.

---

Other Major Contenders for „Biggest Problem“

While overtourism is the central hub, these other issues are critically important and deeply interconnected:

1. Sustainability and the Climate Crisis:
   • The Carbon Footprint: Aviation is a significant and growing contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The core model of mass, long-haul travel is fundamentally at odds with global climate goals.
   • Resource Consumption: Tourism places a heavy burden on local water, food, and energy, especially in developing nations.
2. The Post-Pandemic Labor Shortage:
   • The industry is facing a severe shortage of skilled and unskilled labor. Many who left the sector during COVID-19 did not return due to issues like low pay, precarious hours, and high stress, leading to service disruptions and operational challenges.
3. Economic Inequality and Leakage:
   • Ensuring that the money tourists spend actually stays within and benefits the local community remains a huge challenge, particularly in developing countries.

The Path Forward: Shifting the Paradigm

The industry’s biggest challenge, therefore, is not just managing these problems individually but fundamentally shifting from a model of volume to a model of value. The solutions being explored include:

• Dispersal: Promoting lesser-known destinations and encouraging travel during the off-season.
• Management Tools: Implementing tourist taxes, timed entry tickets, and visitor caps.
• Regulation: Limiting short-term rentals to protect housing stock.
• Promoting Regenerative Tourism: Going beyond „do no harm“ to a model where tourism actively improves the destination—environmentally, socially, and economically.

In conclusion, while climate change is the existential threat and labor shortages are an operational crisis, overtourism is the most visible and immediate „biggest problem.“ It is the point where environmental damage, resident anger, and a poor tourist experience collide, making it the most urgent issue for destinations worldwide to address.

#####################

A2

Today, the biggest problem in tourism is that too many people travel to the same popular places. This is called overtourism. It causes many problems for the environment, for local people, and for tourists.

Let’s look at the problems in more detail.

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1. Too Many People: Overtourism

What it is: Famous cities and places have too many visitors. The streets, beaches, and monuments are too full.

Examples around the world:

• Europe: Cities like Venice, Barcelona, and Amsterdam are very crowded.
• Asia: Famous places like Bali (Indonesia), Kyoto (Japan), and Thailand’s beaches have the same problem. In Thailand, the beautiful Maya Bay beach was closed for some time because too many tourists were damaging the nature.
• Peru: Too many people want to see Machu Picchu, and the ancient stones are getting damaged.

Why it is bad:

• For locals: Life becomes difficult and expensive. Houses become too pricey for locals to rent.
• For tourists: Long lines, crowded photos, and a stressful experience.
• For the place: Historic sites can get damaged.

---

2. Damage to Nature and the Environment

Tourism can hurt our planet.

• Pollution from Travel: Airplanes, cars, and cruise ships make a lot of pollution. This is bad for the air and for climate change.
• Too Much Trash: In many popular places, there is a lot of litter. For example, on Mount Everest, there is trash from climbers. In the oceans, plastic from tourists can hurt fish and coral.
• Using Too Much Water: Tourists often use a lot of water for hotels, pools, and showers. In places with little water, like some islands, this is a big problem.

---

3. Problems for Local People

When tourism grows very fast, it can cause problems for the people who live there.

• Life Becomes Expensive: Shops and restaurants raise their prices. Apartments become very expensive because owners prefer to rent them to tourists on websites like Airbnb. Local people cannot afford to live in their own cities.
• They Lose Their Culture: Sometimes, a city changes too much for tourists. Traditional shops close and only souvenir shops open. The city loses its real character and culture.
• Anger and Protests: In some cities, local people protest against tourists. They write messages like „Tourist, go home!“ because they are unhappy.

---

4. The Problem of Seasonality

This means that everyone travels at the same time of the year.

• What happens: In summer, Europe is very crowded. In winter, everyone goes to ski resorts. This means that for a few months, places have too many people, and for the rest of the year, they are empty and businesses have no money.

---

What is the Solution?

The solution is to be a smarter tourist.

• Travel to less famous places. Visit a small town instead of a capital city.
• Travel in the off-season. Go to Europe in spring or autumn, not summer.
• Be respectful. Learn a few words in the local language, don’t make too much noise, and always put your trash in the bin.
• Support the local economy. Eat in local restaurants and buy from local artists.

In conclusion, the biggest problem is that tourism is not balanced. The goal for the future is to have tourism that is good for everyone: for the planet, for local people, and for tourists.

#################

A2

Cheat Sheet: How to Be a Good Tourist

The goal is to be a traveler, not just a tourist. Here are easy things you can do.

---

1. For the Planet: Travel Lightly

• 🚌 Use Local Transport: Take a bus or a train instead of a taxi. It is cheaper and better for the air.
• ♻️ No Plastic: Carry your own water bottle and shopping bag. Say „no“ to plastic straws.
• 💧 Save Water: Take short showers. Reuse your hotel towels.
• 🗑️ Leave No Trace: Always put your trash in the bin. If you see trash, pick it up. Leave nature beautiful.

2. For Local People: Be a Guest, Not a Invader

• 🛍️ Buy Local: Eat in local restaurants, not international fast food. Buy souvenirs from local artists.
• 🏠 Be Respectful: Remember, you are in someone’s home. Be quiet in the streets. Respect local customs and dress correctly (for example, cover your shoulders in a temple).
• 👋 Learn a Little: Learn to say „Hello,“ „Thank you,“ and „Please“ in the local language. A small effort makes a big difference.

3. For a Better Experience: Go Your Own Way

• 📅 Go in the Off-Season: Travel in spring or autumn, not in summer. It is less crowded, cheaper, and more pleasant.
• 🗺️ Visit Different Places: Instead of only the famous city, visit a smaller town or a village. You will see the real culture.
• ⏳ Stay Longer: Stay in one place for a few days. Learn about it. This is better than visiting 10 cities in 7 days.

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Simple Plan for Your Next Trip

Do This…	Instead of This…	Why It Helps
Eat at a small family restaurant	Eating at McDonald’s	Your money goes directly to a local family.
Take a train between cities	Taking a short-flight	You see the countryside and reduce pollution.
Visit a less-famous town	Only going to the capital	You help spread the money and reduce crowds.
Travel in September	Traveling in August	The weather is still good, but it is less crowded.
Learn „Thank you“	Speaking only English loudly	You show respect for the local culture.

In short: Be curious, be kind, and think about the place you are visiting. You can be part of the solution

####################

• greenwashing, fake ‚eco-tourism‘?

2. Fake eco-tourism (greenwashing)

Some companies say they are “eco-friendly,” but they do not help the environment or local communities. For example, a hotel may say it is eco, but it uses too much water or electricity. Or a tour may advertise nature experiences, but it damages the forest or wildlife. Tourists may think they are doing something good for nature, but the real impact can be negative.

#######################

Some companies say they offer eco-tourism, but in reality, they only pretend to care about nature. This is called greenwashing. It means they use words like “eco-friendly” or “sustainable” to attract tourists, but they do not really help the environment or local people.

For example, a hotel might say it is an “eco-hotel,” but it still wastes a lot of water and electricity every day. It may also use plastic bottles and not recycle them. A tour company may promote “nature tours,” but the tours may hurt the forest, scare animals, or leave trash behind.

Many tourists believe they are doing something good for the planet when they join these activities. They think their visit supports clean tourism and helps local communities. However, the truth is often different. Sometimes the money only goes to the company, not to the local people. The environment can also become worse because of careless actions.

To avoid fake eco-tourism, travelers should check carefully before booking. They can look for real certificates, ask questions about how the company protects nature, and choose tours that respect people, animals, and the environment. True eco-tourism means helping both nature and local communities in a positive and honest way.

________________________

Vocabulary:

1. to offer eco-tourism – to give tourists trips that try to protect nature
2. to pretend to care for nature – to say you love nature but not really mean it
3. greenwashing – when a company says it helps nature but it doesn’t
4. sustainable – something that can last a long time without hurting nature
5. to attract tourists – to make people want to come and visit
6. environment – the world around us, like air, water, plants, and animals
7. to waste water – to use too much water or use it for no reason
8. to recycle – to use things again instead of throwing them away
9. to promote tours – to tell people about trips so they want to go
10. to hurt nature – to damage plants, trees, or animals
11. to scare animals – to make animals afraid
12. trash – things we throw away, like bottles or paper
13. to join an activity – to take part in something fun or interesting
14. to support – to help someone or something
15. a community – a group of people living in the same place
16. a careless action – something done without thinking that causes problems
17. to avoid – to stay away from something
18. a certificate – an official paper that shows something is true
19. to choose a tour – to pick which trip you want to go on
20. to respect nature – to care for and protect the environment
21. to be honest – to tell the truth and not lie

################

---

Multiple Choice Test:

1. To offer eco-tourism means …
   a) to give trips that help nature
   b) to talk about food tours
   c) to sell plane tickets
2. To pretend to care for nature means …
   a) to really help the forest
   b) to say you care but not mean it
   c) to plant many trees
3. Greenwashing means …
   a) painting a hotel green
   b) cleaning rivers and beaches
   c) saying you help nature but not really doing it
4. Sustainable means …
   a) easy to plan and short
   b) good for nature for a long time
   c) cheap for tourists to buy
5. To attract tourists means …
   a) to make people want to visit
   b) to tell people not to travel
   c) to make trips boring
6. The environment is …
   a) a small park near a hotel
   b) the world around us like air and water
   c) the inside of a building
7. To waste water means …
   a) to use too much for no reason
   b) to clean with rainwater
   c) to save every drop
8. To recycle means …
   a) to throw away plastic
   b) to buy new bottles
   c) to use things again
9. To promote tours means …
   a) to go alone in the forest
   b) to tell people about trips
   c) to stop people from traveling
10. To hurt nature means …
    a) to water flowers every day
    b) to damage trees and animals
    c) to help plants grow
11. To scare animals means …
    a) to watch animals quietly
    b) to give food to animals
    c) to make animals afraid
12. Trash means …
    a) animals and trees
    b) food and drink
    c) things we throw away
13. To join an activity means …
    a) to take part in something
    b) to stop others from doing it
    c) to watch from far away
14. To support means …
    a) to sell things to tourists
    b) to help someone or something
    c) to ask many questions
15. A community is …
    a) a big mountain or hill
    b) a group of people living together
    c) a type of building
16. A careless action means …
    a) something done very slowly
    b) something done with care
    c) something done without thinking
17. To avoid means …
    a) to wait for something
    b) to go closer to something
    c) to stay away from something
18. A certificate is …
    a) a card for the hotel door
    b) a paper that shows something is true
    c) a photo of a tourist trip
19. To choose a tour means …
    a) to buy souvenirs
    b) to ask about hotels
    c) to pick which trip you want
20. To respect nature means …
    a) to care for and protect it
    b) to forget about it
    c) to cut down trees
21. To be honest means …
    a) to make a joke
    b) to say nothing
    c) to tell the truth

---

__________________
Answers:
1a, 2b, 3c, 4b, 5a, 6b, 7a,
8c, 9b, 10b, 11c, 12c, 13a, 14b,
15b, 16c, 17c, 18b, 19c, 20a, 21c

_________________

Correct version:

To offer eco-tourism means to give trips that help nature

To pretend to care for nature means to say you care but not mean it

Greenwashing means saying you help nature but not really doing it

Sustainable means good for nature for a long time

To attract tourists means to make people want to visit

The environment is the world around us like air and water

To waste water means to use too much for no reason

To recycle means to use things again

To promote tours means to tell people about trips

To hurt nature means to damage trees and animals

To scare animals means to make animals afraid

Trash means things we throw away

To join an activity means to take part in something

To support means to help someone or something

A community is a group of people living together

A careless action means something done without thinking

To avoid means to stay away from something

A certificate is a paper that shows something is true

To choose a tour means to pick which trip you want

To respect nature means to care for and protect it

To be honest means to tell the truth

###############

True or false:

---

1. A certificate is a paper that shows something is true.
2. To recycle means to throw everything away.
3. To offer eco-tourism means to give trips that help nature.
4. To scare animals means to feed them.
5. To attract tourists means to make people want to visit.
6. Trash means things we throw away.
7. To join an activity means to take part in it.
8. Greenwashing is when a company says it helps nature but does not.
9. Sustainable means something that hurts nature quickly.
10. To pretend to care for nature means to really help the forest.
11. To respect nature means to care for and protect it.
12. To be honest means to lie to someone.
13. To waste water means to save every drop.
14. A community is a group of people living together.

---

_____________________
True: 1,3,5,6,7,8,11,14
_____________________

Correct version:

---

1. A certificate is a paper that shows something is true.
2. To recycle means to throw everything away. True is: To recycle means to use things again.
3. To offer eco-tourism means to give trips that help nature.
4. To scare animals means to feed them. True is: To scare animals means to make animals afraid.
5. To attract tourists means to make people want to visit.
6. Trash means things we throw away.
7. To join an activity means to take part in it.
8. Greenwashing is when a company says it helps nature but does not.
9. Sustainable means something that hurts nature quickly. True is: Sustainable means something that is good for nature for a long time.
10. To pretend to care for nature means to really help the forest. True is: To pretend to care for nature means to say you care but not mean it.
11. To respect nature means to care for and protect it.
12. To be honest means to lie to someone. True is: To be honest means to tell the truth.
13. To waste water means to save every drop. True is: To waste water means to use too much for no reason.
14. A community is a group of people living together.

---

###############

Word–definition match exercise:

---

Words:

1. Eco-tourism
2. Pretend to care for nature
3. Greenwashing
4. Sustainable
5. Attract tourists
6. Environment
7. Waste water
8. Recycle
9. Promote tours
10. Hurt nature
11. Scare animals
12. Trash
13. Join an activity
14. Certificate

Definitions:

A. To make people want to visit
B. To throw away things we do not need
C. A paper that shows something is true
D. To damage trees, animals, or plants
E. To take part in something
F. To use things again
G. To care for nature in a way that lasts a long time
H. To say you care about nature but do not mean it
I. The world around us, like air, water, and land
J. To make animals afraid
K. Trips that help nature and local communities
L. To tell people about trips or experiences
M. To use too much water for no reason
N. To say you help nature but do not really do it

---

____________________
Answers:
1K, 2H, 3N, 4G, 5A, 6I, 7M,
8F, 9L, 10D, 11J, 12B, 13E, 14C
____________________
Correct version:

---

Eco-tourism – Trips that help nature and local communities
Pretend to care for nature – To say you care about nature but do not mean it
Greenwashing – To say you help nature but do not really do it
Sustainable – To care for nature in a way that lasts a long time
Attract tourists – To make people want to visit
Environment – The world around us, like air, water, and land
Waste water – To use too much water for no reason
Recycle – To use things again
Promote tours – To tell people about trips or experiences
Hurt nature – To damage trees, animals, or plants
Scare animals – To make animals afraid
Trash – To throw away things we do not need
Join an activity – To take part in something
Certificate – A paper that shows something is true

#################

---

Categorization exercise:

Instructions:

Below are 14 words.
Put each word into the correct column:

– Good for nature,
– Bad for nature,
– Neutral / Human-focused.

Words:

recycle, eco-tourism, pretend to care for nature,
join an activity, scare animals, certificate,
attract tourists, sustainable,
greenwashing, trash, hurt nature, promote tours,
environment, waste water

——————-

Columns:

>>>>Good for nature:

_____________________

>>>>Bad for nature:

_____________________

>>>>Neutral / Human-focused:

_____________________

———————————

---

Answer Key:

Good for nature:
Recycle, Eco-tourism, Sustainable

Bad for nature:
Pretend to care for nature, Scare animals, Greenwashing, Trash, Hurt nature, Waste water

Neutral / Human-focused:
Join an activity, Certificate, Attract tourists, Promote tours, Environment

---

###############

Interview, fill in, words below:

---

environment – throwing – communities – follow –
places – tours – government – protects –
care for nature – certificates –
plastic – showers –
helps

——————————–

1. Q: Who can join eco-tourism activities?
A: Anyone who likes nature and wants to help local __________.

2. Q: What is eco-tourism?
A: Eco-tourism is travel that __________nature and helps local people.

3. Q: Where can we practice eco-tourism?
A: In forests, mountains, villages, and other natural __________.

4. Q: When should tourists recycle?
A: Tourists should recycle every time they use __________or paper.

5. Q: Why is sustainable tourism important?
A: It keeps the __________ safe for the future.

6. Q: How can tourists respect animals?
A: They can avoid scaring animals and watch them quietly.

7. Q: Which actions are bad for nature?
A: Wasting water, __________ trash, and hurting plants or animals are bad.

8. Q: Who can give a certificate for eco-friendly tours?
A: A __________ or official organization can give a certificate.

9. Q: What does greenwashing mean?
A: Greenwashing means saying a tour __________ nature but it does not.

10. Q: How do tourists attract positive attention to eco-tourism?
A: They can share __________ and tell friends about good activities.

11. Q: Why should people avoid pretending to __________?
A: Because it does not help the environment or local communities.

12. Q: What can tourists do to save water?
A: They can take short __________ and turn off taps when not using water.

13. Q: Where can we find information about eco-tourism?
A: On websites, travel offices, or eco-tourism __________.

14. Q: How can tourists join an activity safely?
A: They can __________ the rules and help without hurting nature.

_______________________

Correct version:

1. Q: Who can join eco-tourism activities?
A: Anyone who likes nature and wants to help local communities.

2. Q: What is eco-tourism?
A: Eco-tourism is travel that protects nature and helps local people.

3. Q: Where can we practice eco-tourism?
A: In forests, mountains, villages, and other natural places.

4. Q: When should tourists recycle?
A: Tourists should recycle every time they use plastic or paper.

5. Q: Why is sustainable tourism important?
A: It keeps the environment safe for the future.

6. Q: How can tourists respect animals?
A: They can avoid scaring animals and watch them quietly.

7. Q: Which actions are bad for nature?
A: Wasting water, throwing trash, and hurting plants or animals are bad.

8. Q: Who can give a certificate for eco-friendly tours?
A: A government or official organization can give a certificate.

9. Q: What does greenwashing mean?
A: Greenwashing means saying a tour helps nature but it does not.

10. Q: How do tourists attract positive attention to eco-tourism?
A: They can share tours and tell friends about good activities.

11. Q: Why should people avoid pretending to care for nature?
A: Because it does not help the environment or local communities.

12. Q: What can tourists do to save water?
A: They can take short showers and turn off taps when not using water.

13. Q: Where can we find information about eco-tourism?
A: On websites, travel offices, or eco-tourism certificates.

14. Q: How can tourists join an activity safely?
A: They can follow the rules and help without hurting nature.

---

###############

Unscramble words – which phrase are we looking for?

---

• why “green travel” can sometimes hurt nature and local communities

Introduction:

1. Too many tourists
When many tourists visit one place, it can hurt nature. Paths in forests and mountains can get broken or muddy, flowers and plants can be destroyed, and animals can get scared or leave their homes. Water in rivers or lakes can become dirty from trash or sunscreen, and beaches can get full of garbage. Even small villages can become crowded, and local people may feel uncomfortable with too many visitors.

###################

---

Too Many Tourists

When many tourists visit a place, it can hurt nature and people. In forests and mountains, paths can break and become muddy. Flowers and small plants can be stepped on and destroyed. Animals can be scared by noise and leave their homes. Rivers and lakes can become dirty from trash, sunscreen, or soap. Beaches can have a lot of plastic and garbage. Even small villages can become very crowded. Streets can be full of people, and local people can feel uncomfortable.

For example, tourists can leave trash in the forest, walk on flowers in the mountains, feed animals too much, or swim in lakes with dirty sunscreen. Beaches can be full of plastic bottles, bags, and food waste. Villages can have noise, traffic, and too many cars. All this changes the life of animals, plants, and local people.

There are some ways to stop too many tourists. Places can limit the number of visitors each day. Tourists can pay small fees to help protect nature. They can use marked paths and do not leave trash. Authorities can close crowded areas for some days to give nature rest. Tourists can learn to respect animals and plants. People can also make signs and guides to show how to protect the place.

With these rules, tourists can enjoy nature and villages, and plants, animals, and local people can live safely and quietly.

_____________________

Vocabulary:

---

• to hurt nature – to make nature bad or damaged
• to get broken – to stop working or be in pieces
• to be destroyed – to be ruined or not exist anymore
• to get scared by noise – to feel afraid because of loud sounds
• trash – things you throw away
• sunscreen – cream for your skin to stop sunburn
• garbage – waste, trash
• to become crowded – many people come, very full
• a path – a small road to walk on
• muddy – full of wet dirt
• a bag – something to carry things
• food waste – food you do not eat and throw away
• to change the life of animals – to make animals live differently, not normal
• to limit – to make less or not allow too much
• a fee – money you pay for something
• to protect nature – to keep nature safe and clean
• a marked path – a path with signs to show where to go
• an authority – people or group in charge, can make rules
• to close a crowded area – stop people from going to a busy place
• to give a rest – let nature or people have time without problems
• to respect animals – to treat animals well and not hurt them
• a rule – something you must do or must not do
• to enjoy – to feel happy or have fun

---

###################

Multiple choice, one answer correct:

audio 1-16

audio 17-23

1. What does to hurt nature mean?
   a) to damage plants and animals
   b) to run very fast in the forest
   c) to eat food quickly
2. What does to get broken mean?
   a) to walk slowly on a path
   b) to stop working or break
   c) to wash something carefully
3. What does to be destroyed mean?
   a) to be ruined or gone
   b) to keep something safe
   c) to build something new
4. What does to get scared by noise mean?
   a) to rest quietly in the room
   b) to feel afraid because of loud sounds
   c) to sing very loudly
5. What is trash?
   a) water for washing clothes
   b) things cooked for dinner
   c) things people throw away
6. What is sunscreen?
   a) paper used to cover books
   b) cream that protects the skin
   c) water for plants to grow
7. What is garbage?
   a) flowers in a garden
   b) clean water from a lake
   c) waste that people throw away
8. What does to become crowded mean?
   a) a place without any people
   b) a place with many people
   c) a place full of animals
9. What is a path?
   a) a small road for walking
   b) a big hill for climbing
   c) a river for fishing
10. What does muddy mean?
    a) very dry and dusty
    b) full of wet brown dirt
    c) very clean and clear
11. What is a bag?
    a) something to carry things
    b) something to cook food
    c) something to wear on your feet
12. What is food waste?
    a) food made for animals
    b) food people do not eat
    c) food bought in a shop
13. What does to change the life of animals mean?
    a) to feed animals every day
    b) to make animals live differently
    c) to play with animals in the garden
14. What does to limit mean?
    a) to make something smaller
    b) to draw slowly on paper
    c) to wash something daily
15. What is a fee?
    a) a bag used to carry shoes
    b) money you pay for entry
    c) a path in a park
16. What does to protect nature mean?
    a) to climb mountains and trees
    b) to keep nature safe and clean
    c) to watch birds in the park
    
    ———end of audio——–
    
17. What is a marked path?
    a) a river in the forest
    b) a road with many cars
    c) a path with signs for walkers
18. What is an authority?
    a) a small animal in the forest
    b) people who can make rules
    c) a plant with green leaves
19. What does to close a crowded area mean?
    a) to make the area larger
    b) to stop people from entering
    c) to open the area for fun
20. What does to give a rest mean?
    a) to walk longer in the sun
    b) to talk loudly with friends
    c) to let nature or people have time
21. What does to respect animals mean?
    a) to treat animals kindly
    b) to scare animals for fun
    c) to throw food at animals
22. What is a rule?
    a) a tool used for writing
    b) a place to sleep at night
    c) something people must follow
23. What does to enjoy mean?
    a) to feel cold and hungry
    b) to feel happy and have fun
    c) to feel tired and bored

---

___________________

Answers:

1a 2b 3a 4b 5c 6b 7c 8b 9a
10b 11a 12b 13b 14a 15b 16b
17c 18b 19b 20c 21a 22c 23b

__________________

Correct answers:

---

1. What does to hurt nature mean – to damage plants and animals
2. What does to get broken mean – to stop working or break
3. What does to be destroyed mean – to be ruined or gone
4. What does to get scared by noise mean – to feel afraid because of loud sounds
5. What is trash – things people throw away
6. What is sunscreen – cream that protects the skin
7. What is garbage mean – waste that people throw away
8. What does to become crowded mean – a place with many people
9. What is a path mean – a small road for walking
10. What does muddy mean – full of wet brown dirt
11. What is a bag mean – something to carry things
12. What is food waste mean – food people do not eat
13. What does to change the life of animals mean – to make animals live differently
14. What does to limit mean – to make something smaller
15. What is a fee mean – money you pay for entry
16. What does to protect nature mean – to keep nature safe and clean
17. What is a marked path mean – a path with signs for walkers
18. What is an authority mean – people who can make rules
19. What does to close a crowded area mean – to stop people from entering
20. What does to give a rest mean – to let nature or people have time
21. What does to respect animals mean – to treat animals kindly
22. What is a rule mean – something people must follow
23. What does to enjoy mean – to feel happy and have fun

---

###################

---

Gap-fill exercise:

1. Tourists can ______ nature if they step on flowers.
   a) hurt
   b) play
   c) wash
2. The path ______ after the heavy rain.
   a) stays
   b) broke
   c) cleans
3. If people take too many flowers, they can be ______.
   a) destroyed
   b) happy
   c) cleaned
4. Loud noise can make animals ______.
   a) rest
   b) get scared
   c) eat
5. Please put your ______ in the bin.
   a) sunscreen
   b) bag
   c) trash
6. Always use ______ to protect your skin from the sun.
   a) mud
   b) sunscreen
   c) food waste
7. The river is full of ______ after the festival.
   a) garbage
   b) water
   c) plants
8. The park became ______ after the holiday.
   a) empty
   b) crowded
   c) clean
9. We walked on a small ______ through the forest.
   a) path
   b) river
   c) hill
10. The ground is very ______ after the rain.
    a) dry
    b) muddy
    c) smooth
11. I put my books in a ______.
    a) bag
    b) plate
    c) food
12. Do not throw ______ on the floor.
    a) mud
    b) food waste
    c) water
13. Human activities can ______ the life of animals.
    a) change
    b) clean
    c) wash
14. You must ______ the number of visitors in the park.
    a) limit
    b) protect
    c) enjoy
15. The museum charges a small ______.
    a) money
    b) bag
    c) fee
16. People should always try to ______ nature.
    a) hurt
    b) protect
    c) break
17. Walk only on the ______ to avoid plants.
    a) road
    b) river
    c) marked path
18. The government is an ______ in the park.
    a) animal
    b) authority
    c) tree
19. They had to ______ the beach because it was too full.
    a) open
    b) close
    c) build
20. After work, it is good to ______.
    a) play music
    b) talk loudly
    c) take a rest
21. Visitors must ______ animals and not scare them.
    a) respect
    b) eat
    c) break
22. Everyone must follow the park ______.
    a) bag
    b) plate
    c) rule
23. Children ______ themselves when they play in the forest.
    a) cry
    b) enjoy
    c) clean

---

———————–
Answers:

1a – 2b – 3a – 4b – 5c – 6b –
7a – 8b – 9a – 10b – 11a – 12b – 13a –
14a – 15c – 16b – 17c – 18b – 19b –
20c – 21a – 22c – 23c

---

______________

Correct version:

---

1. Tourists can hurt nature if they step on flowers.
2. The path broke after the heavy rain.
3. If people take too many flowers, they can be destroyed.
4. Loud noise can make animals get scared.
5. Please put your trash in the bin.
6. Always use sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun.
7. The river is full of garbage after the festival.
8. The park became crowded after the holiday.
9. We walked on a small path through the forest.
10. The ground is very muddy after the rain.
11. I put my books in a bag.
12. Do not throw food waste on the floor.
13. Human activities can change the life of animals.
14. You must limit the number of visitors in the park.
15. The museum charges a small fee.
16. People should always try to protect nature.
17. Walk only on the marked path to avoid plants.
18. The government is an authority in the park.
19. They had to close the beach because it was too full.
20. After work, it is good to rest.
21. Visitors must respect animals and not scare them.
22. Everyone must follow the park rule.
23. Children enjoy themselves when they play in the forest.

---

###################

True or false:

---

1. Beaches can become full of garbage from tourists.
2. Animals always stay in their homes, even with many visitors.
3. Crowded areas can sometimes be closed to protect nature.
4. Flowers and plants can get destroyed by too many visitors.
5. Water in lakes and rivers is always clean, even with many tourists.
6. Paths in forests can get muddy when many tourists visit.
7. Eco-tourism does not need any regulations or fees.
8. Animals are never scared by noise from tourists.
9. Small villages usually have fewer problems with tourists than big cities.
10. Tourists can change the life of animals in forests and mountains.
11. Local people may feel uncomfortable if villages are crowded.
12. Trash and sunscreen can make rivers dirty.
13. Respecting animals and rules helps to protect nature.
14. Eco-tourism never causes any problems for nature.

---

_________________

True: 1,3,4,6,10,11,12

________________

Correct version:

1. Beaches can become full of garbage from tourists. – True
2. Animals always stay in their homes, even with many visitors. – False. True is: Animals can leave their homes if they are scared by tourists.
3. Crowded areas can sometimes be closed to protect nature. – True
4. Flowers and plants can get destroyed by too many visitors. – True
5. Water in lakes and rivers is always clean, even with many tourists. – False. True is: Water in lakes and rivers can become dirty when many tourists visit.
6. Paths in forests can get muddy when many tourists visit. – True
7. Eco-tourism does not need any regulations or fees. – False. True is: Eco-tourism needs rules and sometimes fees to protect nature.
8. Animals are never scared by noise from tourists. – False. True is: Animals can get scared by noise from tourists.
9. Small villages usually have fewer problems with tourists than big cities. – False. True is: Small villages can also have problems when too many tourists visit.
10. Tourists can change the life of animals in forests and mountains. – True
11. Local people may feel uncomfortable if villages are crowded. – True
12. Trash and sunscreen can make rivers dirty. – True
13. Respecting animals and rules helps to protect nature. – False. True is: Respecting animals and following rules helps to protect nature.
14. Eco-tourism never causes any problems for nature. – False. True is: Eco-tourism can cause problems if too many tourists visit a place.

---

################

---

Match the word to the definition:

Words:

1. trash
2. to hurt nature
3. muddy
4. path
5. sunscreen
6. fee
7. authority
8. food waste
9. to limit
10. to respect animals
11. marked path
12. garbage
13. to protect nature
14. bag

Definitions:

A. something to carry things
B. something people throw away
C. cream that protects the skin
D. to damage plants or animals
E. waste from food that is not eaten
F. money you pay for entry
G. to keep nature safe
H. people who can make rules
I. a small road for walking
J. full of wet brown dirt
K. to treat animals kindly
L. a path with signs for walkers
M. to make something smaller
N. waste that people throw away

---

_______________________

Answers:

1B, 2D, 3J, 4I, 5C, 6F, 7H, 8E,
9M, 10K, 11L, 12N, 13G, 14A

---

###############

Interview, fill in, words below:

destroy – homes – muddy – rules – crowded –
protect – problems – visit – sunscreen –
beaches – authorities – park managers –
trash – uncomfortable

Q1. What is mass tourism?
A1. Mass tourism is when many tourists __________ the same place at the same time.

Q2. Why can too many tourists be a problem?
A2. Too many tourists can damage nature, scare animals, and make villages __________.

Q3. How does tourism affect plants and flowers?
A3. Tourists can step on plants, pick flowers, and __________ them.

Q4. When do paths in forests get broken or muddy?
A4. Paths get broken or __________ when many tourists walk on them, especially after rain.

Q5. Who can help protect nature in tourist areas?
A5. __________ and park workers can help protect nature.

Q6. Where do tourists often make trash problems?
A6. Tourists often make trash problems on __________, in forests, and near rivers.

Q7. Which rules can help protect animals and nature?
A7. Rules like staying on marked paths, not throwing __________, and respecting animals help protect nature.

Q8. How much does a fee help in tourism areas?
A8. A fee can help __________nature because it gives money for cleaning and maintenance.

Q9. What happens to small villages with many tourists?
A9. Small villages can become crowded, and local people may feel __________.

Q10. Can tourism change the life of animals?
A10. Yes, animals can leave their __________ or change their behavior when many tourists come.

Q11. Who decides to close a crowded area?
A11. Authorities or __________ can decide to close a crowded area for a rest.

Q12. How do tourists harm rivers and lakes?
A12. Tourists can make rivers and lakes dirty with trash, __________, and food waste.

Q13. What should tourists do to respect animals?
A13. Tourists should not scare animals, stay quiet, and follow park __________.

Q14. Why is eco-tourism sometimes not enough?
A14. Eco-tourism can still cause __________ if too many tourists visit at the same time.

---

—————————————–
Correct version:

---

Interview – Mass Tourism and Tourists Flooding Places

Q1. What is mass tourism?
A1. Mass tourism is when many tourists visit the same place at the same time.

Q2. Why can too many tourists be a problem?
A2. Too many tourists can damage nature, scare animals, and make villages crowded.

Q3. How does tourism affect plants and flowers?
A3. Tourists can step on plants, pick flowers, and destroy them.

Q4. When do paths in forests get broken or muddy?
A4. Paths get broken or muddy when many tourists walk on them, especially after rain.

Q5. Who can help protect nature in tourist areas?
A5. Authorities and park workers can help protect nature.

Q6. Where do tourists often make trash problems?
A6. Tourists often make trash problems on beaches, in forests, and near rivers.

Q7. Which rules can help protect animals and nature?
A7. Rules like staying on marked paths, not throwing trash, and respecting animals help protect nature.

Q8. How much does a fee help in tourism areas?
A8. A fee can help protect nature because it gives money for cleaning and maintenance.

Q9. What happens to small villages with many tourists?
A9. Small villages can become crowded, and local people may feel uncomfortable.

Q10. Can tourism change the life of animals?
A10. Yes, animals can leave their homes or change their behavior when many tourists come.

Q11. Who decides to close a crowded area?
A11. Authorities or park managers can decide to close a crowded area for a rest.

Q12. How do tourists harm rivers and lakes?
A12. Tourists can make rivers and lakes dirty with trash, sunscreen, and food waste.

Q13. What should tourists do to respect animals?
A13. Tourists should not scare animals, stay quiet, and follow park rules.

Q14. Why is eco-tourism sometimes not enough?
A14. Eco-tourism can still cause problems if too many tourists visit at the same time.

---

###############

---

Cheat sheet:

Problem	Examples	Solution
Paths damaged	Muddy forest paths, broken mountain trails	Use marked paths only
Plants destroyed	Flowers stepped on, small plants pulled, grass flattened	Make rules to protect plants
Animals scared	Birds flying away, deer hiding, fish leaving lakes	Limit visitors per day
Water polluted	Trash in rivers, sunscreen in lakes, soap in streams	Pay small fees for protection; clean-ups
Beaches dirty	Plastic bottles, food waste, old towels, cigarette butts	Clean-up campaigns; rules about trash
Villages crowded	Streets full of tourists, small shops blocked, playgrounds full	Close areas sometimes; guide tourists
Local people unhappy	Noise, traffic, loss of quiet life, homes disturbed	Educate tourists to respect locals
Roads blocked	Cars, buses, bicycles	Limit vehicles; pedestrian paths
Fires and damage	Campfires in forest, broken benches, graffiti	Make strict rules; supervise visitors
Noise pollution	Loud music, shouting	Limit visitors; signs asking for quiet
Wildlife fed wrongly	Feeding bread to birds, giving candy to monkeys	Teach correct behavior; guides

---

#######################

Unscamble the words, and the phrase reads………………

• why “green travel” can sometimes hurt nature and local communities

New tourism model sought for Europeans

The global problem of over tourism, and why Bali is at a tipping point

---

The biggest problems in eco-tourism today are about nature, local people, and real impact.

1. Too many tourists
When many tourists visit one place, it can hurt nature. Paths in forests and mountains can get broken or muddy, flowers and plants can be destroyed, and animals can get scared or leave their homes. Water in rivers or lakes can become dirty from trash or sunscreen, and beaches can get full of garbage. Even small villages can become crowded, and local people may feel uncomfortable with too many visitors.

2. Fake eco-tourism (greenwashing)
Some companies say they are “eco-friendly,” but they do not help the environment or local communities. For example, a hotel may say it is eco, but it uses too much water or electricity. Or a tour may advertise nature experiences, but it damages the forest or wildlife. Tourists may think they are doing something good for nature, but the real impact can be negative.

3. Local people do not get enough benefit
Often, money from eco-tourism goes to big companies or people outside the village, not to local families. Sometimes, villagers lose their land or are forced to change their homes for tourists. Local culture, traditions, and festivals can become like a show for visitors instead of real life. People may get jobs with low pay or only work in restaurants or shops for tourists, not in their normal farming or craft work.

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4. Travel pollution
To visit eco-tourism places, tourists often use planes, cars, or motorboats. These vehicles create carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is bad for the climate and air. Even if the place is “eco,” the journey itself can make a big pollution problem. Sometimes, local buses or boats are not modern or clean, and this adds to air and water pollution.

5. No clear rules or standards
There are very few official rules for eco-tourism. Some tours are really good for nature and local people, but others are bad. Tourists cannot always know if a hotel, guide, or tour is really eco-friendly. Without rules, some companies may cheat or lie about helping nature, and local people may not get fair benefits.

✅ Summary: Eco-tourism can be very good, but the main problems are: too many tourists, fake eco claims, little benefit for locals, pollution from travel, and no clear rules. These problems can hurt nature, animals, and local people, even if the trip is called “eco.”

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Cheat sheet:

Problem	Details / Examples	Impact
Too many tourists	– Crowded forests, mountains, and villages – Paths and plants damaged – Animals scared or leave homes – Rivers, lakes, and beaches polluted with trash	– Nature is damaged – Wildlife loses habitat – Local people feel uncomfortable
Fake eco-tourism (greenwashing)	– Hotels or tours say “eco” but use too much water/electricity – Nature experiences can harm forests or animals – Companies claim to help but do not	– Tourists are misled – Real environmental problems continue – Nature and wildlife are harmed
Local people do not benefit	– Money goes to big companies, not villages – Villagers may lose land or homes – Culture becomes a “show” for tourists – Low-paid jobs replace normal life	– Villagers stay poor – Traditions are lost or changed – Local people feel exploited
Travel pollution	– Planes, cars, and boats produce CO₂ – Air and water pollution from vehicles – Even “eco” trips cause climate problems	– Contributes to climate change – Air quality decreases – Local environment suffers
No clear rules or standards	– Few official rules for eco-tourism – Some tours really help, others harm – Hard for tourists to know which is good	– Companies may cheat – Locals may not get fair benefits – Nature and culture can be harmed

✅ Summary: Eco-tourism can help nature and communities, but the main problems are too many tourists, fake eco claims, little local benefit, travel pollution, and no rules. These problems can hurt nature, animals, and people, even if the trip is called “eco.”

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3. Indonesia: Eco-Tourism in Bali

In Bali, some resorts focus on sustainability while offering luxury experiences. At Green Leaf Eco-Resort, tourists can help in organic gardens, attend workshops on Balinese culture, or join conservation projects for local wildlife.

Manager Ketut explains: “Guests love comfort, but they also care about the environment. By combining the two, we create a meaningful experience.” The resort reduces energy use, recycles waste, and educates visitors about responsible tourism.

Eco-tourism not only protects the environment but also attracts travelers seeking unique, memorable stays. Staff play a crucial role in balancing guest satisfaction with sustainability practices.

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Discussion questions:

1. How can resorts combine luxury with eco-friendly practices?

Resorts can combine luxury with eco-friendly practices by using natural materials, saving energy, and caring for the environment. For example, they can build villas with bamboo and wood instead of plastic. Solar panels can provide electricity, and LED lights can reduce energy use. Resorts can recycle water for gardens and avoid single-use plastic bottles. Guests can enjoy organic food from local farms and relax in nature. Luxury can also mean peace, clean air, and green surroundings. Eco-resorts show that comfort and care for the planet can go together. This makes holidays beautiful, healthy, and sustainable for everyone.

2. Why is eco-tourism growing in popularity?

Eco-tourism is growing in popularity because more people want to travel responsibly and protect the environment. Tourists today understand how traditional tourism can harm nature and local cultures. Eco-tourism offers a chance to enjoy beautiful places while helping local communities. People like learning about wildlife, forests, and local traditions. They also want to support small villages and family businesses instead of big hotels. Eco-tourism helps create jobs for local people and teaches visitors to respect nature. Many travelers feel happy when their trips help the planet. That is why eco-tourism continues to grow all around the world.

3. What challenges might hotels face in implementing sustainable practices?

Hotels face several challenges when trying to implement sustainable practices.
First, eco-friendly systems such as solar panels or water recycling are expensive to install and maintain. Many small hotels do not have enough money for this.
Second, training staff to follow green policies can be difficult and time-consuming. Some employees may not understand why these changes are important.
Third, guests often prefer comfort over sustainability, for example using more towels or air conditioning. Also, finding local suppliers for eco-friendly products is not always easy.
Finally, hotels must balance profit with responsibility, which can be a daily challenge.

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Interview with Manager Ketut at Green Leaf Eco-Resort, Bali

1. What is special about Green Leaf Eco-Resort?
Green Leaf Eco-Resort is special because it combines luxury with sustainability. Guests can enjoy comfortable rooms, beautiful views, and help protect the environment.

2. What activities can tourists do at the resort?
Tourists can work in organic gardens, plant vegetables, attend workshops about Balinese culture, and join conservation projects to help local animals.

3. Why do guests like the gardens?
Guests like the gardens because they see how food grows, touch the plants, and feel closer to nature.

4. What kind of workshops are there?
Workshops teach Balinese cooking, dance, traditional crafts, and local customs. They help guests understand the culture of Bali.

5. How does the resort protect wildlife?
The resort has projects for birds, turtles, and other animals. Guests can help feed them or clean their habitats.

6. How does the resort save energy?
The resort uses solar panels, LED lights, and energy-saving machines. Staff also turn off lights and air conditioning when not needed.

7. How does the resort manage waste?
The resort recycles plastic, paper, and glass. Food waste becomes compost for the gardens.

8. Why is education important at the resort?
Education is important because guests learn how to travel responsibly and how to care for nature and culture.

9. What does Manager Ketut say about guests?
He says guests love comfort, but they also want to help the environment. They enjoy both luxury and learning new things.

10. How does eco-tourism help the environment?
Eco-tourism reduces pollution, protects animals and plants, and encourages sustainable ways to enjoy nature.

11. How does eco-tourism help the resort?
Eco-tourism attracts guests who want unique, meaningful experiences. This helps the resort grow and support local communities.
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12. What is the role of the staff?
Staff teach guests about eco-friendly practices, guide activities, and make sure everyone enjoys the stay without harming nature.

13. How do guests feel after participating in activities?
Guests feel happy, proud, and relaxed. They enjoy learning, helping the environment, and experiencing Balinese culture.

14. Why is Green Leaf Eco-Resort important for Bali?
It is important because it shows that tourism can be responsible. It protects nature, supports local culture, and gives guests a special and meaningful experience.

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• real stories from Thailand on community, culture, and sustainability

2. Thailand: Homestays in Chiang Mai

In Northern Thailand, small families offer homestays for tourists who want a real taste of rural life. Guests may cook traditional dishes, plant rice, or join festivals with their hosts.

Mrs. Somchai, who runs a homestay, says: “We provide simple accommodations and real experiences. Guests often learn more than they expect—they see the hard work and daily life behind our culture.”

Homestays give visitors personal interactions, cultural immersion, and memorable experiences while supporting local economies. Hotels and larger resorts can also adopt lessons from these small operations, emphasizing authenticity and guest engagement.

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Discussion Questions:

1. What makes a homestay experience authentic?

A homestay experience is authentic when it allows travelers to live like local people. Guests stay with a family, eat local food, and share daily activities such as cooking or visiting the market. This helps them understand the culture and traditions of the community. Talking with the hosts gives a real view of their lives and creates warm connections. Authentic homestays are not about luxury but about genuine experiences and respect between hosts and guests. When both sides share, learn, and help each other, the stay becomes meaningful and unforgettable — a true window into local life.

2. How can tourists respect local traditions while staying with a family?

Tourists can respect local traditions by being polite and open-minded. They should learn a little about the local culture before arriving. During the stay, guests can ask the family about customs, greetings, or what clothes are suitable to wear. It is important to follow the family’s rules, help with small tasks, and join their daily life. Tourists should speak kindly, listen carefully, and show interest in local traditions and festivals. Taking off shoes before entering the house or eating in the local way shows respect. Simple actions make hosts feel valued and happy.

3. What can large hotels learn from homestay models?

Large hotels can learn many good things from homestays. In a homestay, guests feel like part of a family. The hosts talk to them, help them, and make them feel welcome. Hotels can also try to give this personal feeling by training staff to be friendly and caring. Homestays show local life and culture, while hotels can offer local food, decorations, or small tours to share traditions. Homestays are simple but full of warmth. If big hotels learn to create this same warm and personal atmosphere, guests will feel happier and remember their stay longer.

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Interview with Mrs. Somchai,
a Homestay Manager in
Northern Thailand:

1. Q: Mrs. Somchai, can you tell us about your homestay?
A: Yes, our homestay is a small family house in a quiet village in Northern Thailand. We welcome tourists who want to see how local people live. Guests stay in simple rooms, eat Thai food, and take part in our daily life.

2. Q: What kind of guests usually come to stay?
A: Most guests come from other countries. They are friendly people who want to learn about our culture, our food, and our traditions. Many of them like nature and village life.

3. Q: What activities can guests do at your homestay?
A: Guests can help cook Thai dishes, plant or harvest rice, visit the local market, or join village festivals. Some guests also like to walk in the rice fields or talk with local people.

4. Q: Why do tourists enjoy staying at your homestay?
A: They like the real experience. They say it feels different from staying in a hotel. They can learn new things and feel like part of our family.

5. Q: What do you think makes a homestay special?
A: A homestay is special because it is personal. We take time to talk with our guests, share stories, and help them understand our way of life.

6. Q: How do guests usually feel after their stay?
A: Most guests are very happy. They often say it was their best experience in Thailand. Many keep in touch and send messages even after they go home.

7. Q: What do guests learn from staying with you?
A: They learn about Thai food, farming, and family life. They also see how people in the countryside work hard but stay happy and kind.

8. Q: How does your homestay help the local community?
A: It helps local people earn extra money. We buy food and materials from neighbors, and sometimes they help us with activities for guests.

9. Q: What challenges do you face in running a homestay?
A: Sometimes it is hard when many guests come at the same time. We also need to keep everything clean and comfortable. But we do our best.
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10. Q: Do you think big hotels can learn something from homestays?
A: Yes, I think hotels can learn to be more personal. Guests like when staff talk with them and show care. That is something we do naturally in homestays.

11. Q: How do you make guests feel welcome?
A: We smile, talk to them kindly, and invite them to join our activities. We want them to feel like home and part of our family.

12. Q: What is your dream for the future of your homestay?
A: I want to keep it small and natural. I hope more tourists come to learn about our culture and help us protect our traditions and environment.