• simple everyday actions to keep air, water, and land clean and protect the Earth

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Environmental pollution is a big problem today. It affects the air, water, and land. But people can help to make the Earth cleaner. Small actions can make a big difference.

First, we can reduce, reuse, and recycle. We should buy only things we really need. This helps to reduce waste. We can reuse many items, like bags, bottles, and boxes. Recycling is also important. We can recycle paper, plastic, glass, and metal.

Second, we can save energy at home. We should turn off lights, TVs, and computers when we do not use them. We can also use energy-saving bulbs. These use less electricity and last longer.

Third, saving water is very important. We should turn off the tap when we brush our teeth. We should also fix leaking taps quickly. Using less water helps the environment.

Another good step is to use public transport. We can take the bus or train instead of driving a car. We can also ride a bike or walk. This helps to reduce air pollution.

We should try to avoid plastic. Plastic bags and bottles are bad for nature. We can use reusable bags and bottles instead.

Planting trees is also very helpful. Trees clean the air and give us oxygen. They make our environment better.

Buying local food and products is a good idea. It reduces pollution from transport.

We can also compost food waste and use eco-friendly products.

Finally, we can talk to other people about pollution. When more people help, the Earth becomes cleaner and healthier.

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____________________

Vocabulary:

• to reduce: to make something smaller or less
• environmental pollution: damage or dirt in air, water, or land caused by humans
• to affect something: to change or influence something
• to reuse: to use something again
• to recycle: to make old things into new things
• waste: things that are not needed and are thrown away
• to save energy: to use less electricity, gas, or power
• to turn off: to stop a machine, light, or device
• energy-saving: using less energy than normal
• a bulb: a light that gives light in a lamp
• to last longer: to stay usable for more time
• to turn off the tap: to close the water so it stops running
• to fix leaking taps: to repair taps that drip water
• environment: everything around us (air, water, land, animals, people)
• instead of: in place of something; not using one thing but another
• air pollution: dirty or harmful air
• to avoid plastic: not to use plastic
• a reusable bag: a bag that you can use many times
• oxygen: a gas in the air that we need to breathe
• to compost food waste: to let food scraps break down into soil
• to be eco-friendly: to be good for the environment

###############

Match the words with the correct definitions:

Words:

1. reduce
2. recycle
3. waste
4. reusable bag
5. turn off
6. oxygen
7. energy-saving
8. reuse
9. environment
10. air pollution
11. tap
12. compost food waste
13. affect something
14. eco-friendly
15. bulb
16. instead of

Definitions

A. to use something again
B. a bag you can use many times
C. to make something smaller or less
D. to stop a machine or light
E. dirty air that is harmful [not safe or good for people, animals, or the environment]
F. things we throw away
G. a light in a lamp
H. to change or influence something
I. good for the environment
J. gas we need to breathe
K. to make old things into new things
L. everything around us (air, water, land)
M. to use food waste to make soil
N. in place of something
O. using less energy
P. water control you open or close

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_____________________

Answers:
1-C, 2-K, 3-F, 4-B, 5-D, 6-J,
7-O, 8-A, 9-L, 10-E, 11-P, 12-M,
13-H, 14-I, 15-G, 16-N

###############

Match the definitions with the correct words:

Definitions:

1. to make something smaller or less
2. to use something again
3. things we throw away
4. a bag you can use many times
5. to stop a machine, light, or device
6. gas we need to breathe
7. using less energy
8. everything around us (air, water, land)
9. dirty air that is harmful
10. to change or influence something
11. a device for controlling water
12. to make food waste into soil
13. good for the environment
14. in place of something
15. a light in a lamp
16. causing damage or bad effects

Words:
A. tap
B. oxygen
C. recycle
D. eco-friendly
E. reduce
F. waste
G. bulb
H. instead of
I. reusable bag
J. energy-saving
K. environment
L. turn off
M. harmful
N. compost food waste
O. reuse
P. affect something

---

_____________________

Answers:
1-E, 2-O, 3-F, 4-I, 5-L, 6-B,
7-J, 8-K, 9-A, 10-P, 11-A,
12-N, 13-D, 14-H, 15-G, 16-M

###############

True or false:

1. Turning off the tap saves water.
2. Leaving lights on all day saves energy.
3. A reusable bag can be used many times.
4. Broken taps that leak do not waste water.
5. Composting food waste helps make soil.
6. Driving everywhere instead of walking is better for the environment.
7. Recycling reduces waste.
8. Throwing food away helps make soil.
9. Walking instead of driving helps the environment.
10. Plants produce oxygen.
11. Turning off lights saves energy.
12. Using more energy is good for the environment.
13. A reusable bag can only be used once.
14. Fixing leaking taps stops water loss.
15. Plants remove oxygen from the air.
16. Reusing things helps the environment.
17. Leaving the tap open saves water.
18. Saving energy is good for the environment.
19. Throwing things away again and again helps the environment.
20. The environment only includes plastic things.

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_____________________

True: 1,3,5,7,9,10,11,14,16,18

###############

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Odd one out:

1. oxygen – waste – air – tree
2. reuse – recycle – bulb – reduce
3. tap – water – energy – compost
4. environment – land – plastic – air
5. turn off – open – close – save
6. cloth bag – reusable bag – plastic bag – water bottle
7. food waste – compost – soil – metal
8. electricity – energy – waste – light
9. recycle – reuse – throw away – save
10. tree – oxygen – air – waste

---

___________________

Answers:

1. oxygen – waste – air – tree – waste is the odd one out because oxygen, air, and tree are related to nature and breathing, but waste is something thrown away
2. reuse – recycle – bulb – reduce – bulb is the odd one out because reuse, recycle, and reduce are actions to help the environment, but a bulb is an object
3. tap – water – energy – compost – energy is the odd one out because tap, water, and compost are connected to water and food, but energy is different
4. environment – land – plastic – air – plastic is the odd one out because environment, land, and air are natural, but plastic is man-made
5. turn off – open – close – save – save is the odd one out because turn off, open, and close are actions with devices or taps, but save is different
6. cloth bag – reusable bag – plastic bag – water bottle – plastic bag is the odd one out because it is not reusable like the others
7. food waste – compost – soil – metal – metal is the odd one out because food waste, compost, and soil are natural materials, but metal is not
8. electricity – energy – waste – light – waste is the odd one out because electricity, energy, and light are used or useful, but waste is something thrown away
9. recycle – reuse – throw away – save – throw away is the odd one out because recycle, reuse, and save help the environment, but throw away does not
10. tree – oxygen – air – waste – waste is the odd one out because tree, oxygen, and air are connected to nature, but waste is not

###############

Answer in full sentences:

---

1. What do trees produce?
2. Where do we put food waste for compost?
3. Why should we save energy?
4. Which is better: reusable bag or plastic bag?
5. How do we save water at home?
6. Who helps protect the environment: people or plastic?
7. When should we turn off lights?
8. Do we recycle or waste paper?
9. Is air pollution good or bad?
10. Can we reuse a bottle?
11. Which gives us oxygen: plants or plastic?
12. How do we reduce waste?
13. Where does waste go?
14. Why is turning off the tap important?

_____________________

Correct answers:

1. What do trees produce? – Trees produce oxygen.
2. Where do we put food waste for compost? – We put food waste in compost.
3. Why should we save energy? – We should save energy to help the environment.
4. Which is better: reusable bag or plastic bag? – A reusable bag is better.
5. How do we save water at home? – We save water by turning off the tap.
6. Who helps protect the environment: people or plastic? – People help protect the environment.
7. When should we turn off lights? – We should turn off lights when we leave a room.
8. Do we recycle or waste paper? – We recycle paper.
9. Is air pollution good or bad? – Air pollution is bad.
10. Can we reuse a bottle? – Yes, we can reuse a bottle.
11. Which gives us oxygen: plants or plastic? – Plants give us oxygen.
12. How do we reduce waste? – We reduce waste by recycling and reusing.
13. Where does waste go? – Waste goes into bins or landfills.
14. Why is turning off the tap important? – It is important to save water.

###############

Fill in, words below:

oxygen – reduce – compost – protect – instead of – save – turn off – longer – avoid

We can __________ the environment by taking small actions every day.
We should __________ waste, reuse things, and recycle materials.
It is important to turn off lights to __________ energy and use energy-saving bulbs that last__________.
We should __________ the tap and fix leaking taps to save water.
A reusable bag helps us __________ plastic.
We can __________ food waste to make soil [top layer of the ground where plants grow.].
Air pollution is harmful, but plants produce __________ and help the environment.
We should act__________ wasting resources and try to be eco-friendly in daily life.

—————————-

Correct version:

We can protect the environment by taking small actions every day.
We should reduce waste, reuse things, and recycle materials.
It is important to turn off lights to save energy and use energy-saving bulbs that last longer.
We should turn off the tap and fix leaking taps to save water.
A reusable bag helps us avoid plastic.
We can compost food waste to make soil.
Air pollution is harmful, but plants produce oxygen and help the environment.
We should act instead of wasting resources and try to be eco-friendly in daily life.

###############

Complete the dialogue – match question and answer:

1. How do we help the environment?
2. What happens when lights stay on?
3. Why is turning off the tap important?
4. How can food waste be used?
5. What does air pollution do?
6. What do trees give to the air?
7. Why are reusable bags useful?
8. What should happen with leaking taps?
9. How is energy saved at home?
10. What is done with old materials?
11. Why is soil important?
12. What can people do in daily life for the environment?

——————————-

---

a. It helps save water.
b. They are recycled into new things.
c. We reduce waste, reuse things, and recycle materials.
d. Oxygen comes from trees.
e. It is harmful for people and nature.
f. They can use less waste and less energy.
g. Energy is used without need.
h. They should be fixed to stop water loss.
i. They help avoid plastic.
j. Plants grow in soil.
k. It can go into compost to make soil.
l. Lights and devices are turned off when not needed.

---

____________________

Answers:
1-c, 2-g, 3-a, 4-k, 5-e, 6-d,
7-i, 8-h, 9-l, 10-b, 11-j, 12-f

____________________

Correct dialogue:

1. Q: How do we help the environment?
   A: We reduce waste, reuse things, and recycle materials.
2. Q: What happens when lights stay on?
   A: Energy is used without need.
3. Q: Why is turning off the tap important?
   A: It helps save water.
4. Q: How can food waste be used?
   A: It can go into compost to make soil.
5. Q: What does air pollution do?
   A: It is harmful for people and nature.
6. Q: What do trees give to the air?
   A: Oxygen comes from trees.
7. Q: Why are reusable bags useful?
   A: They help avoid plastic.
8. Q: What should happen with leaking taps?
   A: They should be fixed to stop water loss.
9. Q: How is energy saved at home?
   A: Lights and devices are turned off when not needed.
10. Q: What is done with old materials?
    A: They are recycled into new things.
11. Q: Why is soil important?
    A: Plants grow in soil.
12. Q: What can people do in daily life for the environment?
    A: They can use less waste and less energy.

---

🌍 Environmental Pollution –
Cheat Sheet

📌 Topic

How to reduce environmental pollution

---

🧩 1. Main Idea

Environmental pollution is a big problem.
It affects:

• Air
• Water
• Land

People can help by doing small daily actions.

---

♻️ 2. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

• Buy only what you need
• Reuse items (bags, bottles, boxes)
• Recycle:
  • Paper
  • Plastic
  • Glass
  • Metal

---

💡 3. Save Energy

• Turn off lights, TV, computer when not used
• Use energy-saving bulbs

---

🚰 4. Save Water

• Turn off tap when brushing teeth
• Fix leaking taps
• Use less water

---

🚌 5. Transport

• Use public transport (bus, train)
• Walk or ride a bike
• Avoid using cars too much

---

🚫 6. Reduce Plastic

• Avoid plastic bags and bottles
• Use reusable bags and bottles

---

🌳 7. Plant Trees

• Trees clean the air
• Trees give oxygen
• Trees help the environment

---

🛒 8. Other Good Actions

• Buy local food and products
• Compost food waste
• Use eco-friendly products

---

🗣️ 9. Spread Awareness

• Talk to other people about pollution
• More people = more help for the Earth

---

⭐ Key Message

Small actions every day can make the Earth cleaner and healthier.

################

• a big festival, lots of fun

---

Last year, Vong was in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year. It was in April and lasted for three days. It was a very big and happy festival, and many people were there.

Before the New Year, people cleaned their houses. They washed the floors, walls, and clothes. They wanted a clean home for the new year. Many people also bought new clothes. I saw families in markets. They smiled and looked happy. The streets were very busy and full of people.

During the festival, many people went to their hometowns. They visited their families. I saw parents, grandparents, and children together. They talked, laughed, and ate food. People were very friendly, and they were nice to me. I felt happy to meet them.

People also went to the temple every day. They prayed and gave food to monks. They lit candles and incense. The temple was quiet. I sat there and felt calm. Many people stayed there for some time and prayed.

There were many games. Children and young people played together. I saw a game called Bos Angkunh. It was simple and fun. People also danced and listened to music. They sang songs and smiled. Everyone looked very happy.

Water was part of the festival. People threw water on each other in the streets. It was fun because the weather was hot. People laughed, ran, and played with water.

Families cooked special food at home. They gave food to family and friends. They ate together and talked. The food was very good, and I tried new food.

I felt very happy to be there. It was a beautiful festival with kind people.

___________________________

Vocabulary:

kind people: people who are nice and helpful

joyful: very happy

to last for three days: to continue for three days

to clean something: to make something clean

to buy clothes: to pay money for clothes and take them

a market: a place where people buy and sell things

to be busy: to have many people or things happening

full of people: many people are in one place

a hometown: the town or city where you were born or grew up

to eat food: to put food in your mouth and swallow it

to pray: to talk to God or a holy spirit

a monk: a man who lives in a temple and prays

to throw water on each other: to splash water onto other people

special food: food made for an important day or festival

################

Verbs in text, regular, irregular verbs:

Infinitive	Past simple
be	was / were
to last	lasted
to clean	cleaned
to wash	washed
to want	wanted
to buy	bought
to see	saw
to smile	smiled
to look	looked
to go	went
to visit	visited
to talk	talked
to laugh	laughed
to eat	ate
to feel	felt
to meet	met
to pray	prayed
to give	gave
to light	lit
to sit	sat
to stay	stayed
to play	played
to dance	danced
to listen	listened
to sing	sang
to throw	threw
to run	ran
to cook	cooked

####################

Basics in past simple:

Past Simple – Regular Verbs

Rules:

• Most verbs: add -ed
  play → played
• Verbs ending in -e: add -d
  live → lived
• Verbs ending in consonant + y: change y to i and add -ed
  study → studied
• Short verbs ending in vowel + consonant: double the final consonant and add -ed
  stop → stopped
• List of irregular verbs => LINK

Use:
The past simple is used to talk about finished actions in the past.

##################

---

Fill in the correct form of the verb

Last year, Vong __________ (be) in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year.
The festival __________ (be) in April and __________ (last) for three days.
It __________ (be) a very big and happy festival, and many people __________ (be) there.

Before the New Year, people __________ (clean) their houses. They __________ (wash) the floors, walls, and clothes. They __________ (want) a clean home for the new year. Many people also __________ (buy) new clothes. I __________ (see) families in markets. They __________ (smile) and __________ (look) happy. The streets __________ (be) very busy and full of people.

During the festival, many people __________ (go) to their hometowns. They __________ (visit) their families. I __________ (see) parents, grandparents, and children together. They __________ (talk), __________ (laugh), and __________ (eat) food. People __________ (be) very friendly, and they __________ (be) nice to me. I __________ (feel) happy to meet them.

People also __________ (go) to the temple every day. They __________ (pray) and __________ (give) food to monks. They __________ (light) candles and incense. The temple __________ (be) quiet. I __________ (sit) there and __________ (feel) calm.

There __________ (be) many games. Children and young people __________ (play) together. I __________ (see) a game called Bos Angkunh. People also __________ (dance) and __________ (listen) to music. They __________ (sing) songs and __________ (smile). Everyone __________ (look) very happy.

People __________ (throw) water on each other in the streets. It __________ (be) fun because the weather __________ (be) hot. People __________ (laugh), __________ (run), and __________ (play) with water.

Families __________ (cook) special food at home. They __________ (give) food to family and friends. They __________ (eat) together and __________ (talk). The food __________ (be) very good.

Vong __________ (feel) very happy. It __________ (be) a beautiful festival with kind people.

---

—————————————-
Correct version:

---

Last year, Vong was in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year.
The festival was in April and lasted for three days.
It was a very big and happy festival, and many people were there.

Before the New Year, people cleaned their houses. They washed the floors, walls, and clothes. They wanted a clean home for the new year. Many people also bought new clothes. I saw families in markets. They smiled and looked happy. The streets were very busy and full of people.

During the festival, many people went to their hometowns. They visited their families. I saw parents, grandparents, and children together. They talked, laughed, and ate food. People were very friendly, and they were nice to me. I felt happy to meet them.

People also went to the temple every day. They prayed and gave food to monks. They lit candles and incense. The temple was quiet. I sat there and felt calm.

There were many games. Children and young people played together. I saw a game called Bos Angkunh. People also danced and listened to music. They sang songs and smiled. Everyone looked very happy.

People threw water on each other in the streets. It was fun because the weather was hot. People laughed, ran, and played with water.

Families cooked special food at home. They gave food to family and friends. They ate together and talked. The food was very good.

Vong felt very happy. It was a beautiful festival with kind people.

##################

Short answers, past simple, basics:

Example Sentence	Yes	No
I learned letters.	Yes, I did.	No, I didn’t.
You read signs.	Yes, you did.	No, you didn’t.
He spoke English.	Yes, he did.	No, he didn’t.
She watched TV.	Yes, she did.	No, she didn’t.
It helped me.	Yes, it did.	No, it didn’t.
We used an app.	Yes, we did.	No, we didn’t.
You read words.	Yes, you did.	No, you didn’t.
They made mistakes.	Yes, they did.	No, they didn’t.

---

Questions (Past Simple)

Question	Yes	No
Did I learn letters?	Yes, I did.	No, I didn’t.
Did you read signs?	Yes, you did.	No, you didn’t.
Did he speak English?	Yes, he did.	No, he didn’t.
Did she watch TV?	Yes, she did.	No, she didn’t.
Did it help me?	Yes, it did.	No, it didn’t.
Did we use an app?	Yes, we did.	No, we didn’t.
Did you read words?	Yes, you did.	No, you didn’t.
Did they make mistakes?	Yes, they did.	No, they didn’t.

---

Was / Were

Question	Yes	No
Was I happy?	Yes, I was.	No, I wasn’t.
Were you happy?	Yes, you were.	No, you weren’t.
Was he happy?	Yes, he was.	No, he wasn’t.
Was she happy?	Yes, she was.	No, she wasn’t.
Was it good?	Yes, it was.	No, it wasn’t.
Were we happy?	Yes, we were.	No, we weren’t.
Were you happy?	Yes, you were.	No, you weren’t.
Were they happy?	Yes, they were.	No, they weren’t.

#################

Short answers:

---

1. People went to the cinema every day.
   
   YOU WRITE:
   No, they didn’t.
   
2. Many people went to their hometowns.
3. The festival was in April.
4. The streets were empty and quiet.
5. Vong was in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year.
6. People cleaned their houses before the New Year.
7. People studied in school during the festival.
8. Many people bought new clothes.
9. The festival lasted for ten days.
10. People threw water on each other in the streets.
11. Children and young people worked in the fields.
12. The festival lasted for three days.
13. Vong felt sad during the festival.
14. People went to the temple every day.
15. The festival was in December.
16. The streets were very busy and full of people.
17. Nobody bought new clothes.
18. Many people were in the city.
19. People cleaned their houses after the New Year.
20. People stayed only in Phnom Penh and did not visit families.

_______________________

True: 2,3,5,6,8,10,12,14,16,18

_______________________

Correct version:

1. People went to the cinema every day. – No, they didn’t.
2. Many people went to their hometowns. – Yes, they did.
3. The festival was in April. – Yes, it was.
4. The streets were empty and quiet. – No, they weren’t.
5. Vong was in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year. – Yes, he was.
6. People cleaned their houses before the New Year. – Yes, they did.
7. People studied in school during the festival. – No, they didn’t.
8. Many people bought new clothes. – Yes, they did.
9. The festival lasted for ten days. – No, it didn’t.
10. People threw water on each other in the streets. – Yes, they did.
11. Children and young people worked in the fields. – No, they didn’t.
12. The festival lasted for three days. – Yes, it did.
13. Vong felt sad during the festival. – No, he didn’t.
14. People went to the temple every day. – Yes, they did.
15. The festival was in December. – No, it wasn’t.
16. The streets were very busy and full of people. – Yes, they were.
17. Nobody bought new clothes. – No, they didn’t.
18. Many people were in the city. – Yes, they were.
19. People cleaned their houses after the New Year. – No, they didn’t.
20. People stayed only in Phnom Penh and did not visit families. – No, they didn’t.

################

---

Past simple – basics

Personal Pronoun	Verb (Past)	Object
I	ate	apples
You	ate	apples
He	ate	apples
She	ate	apples
It	ate	apples
We	ate	apples
You (plural)	ate	apples
They	ate	apples
I	played	football
You	played	football
He	played	football
She	played	football
It	played	football
We	played	football
You (plural)	played	football
They	played	football

Personal Pronoun	Verb (Past Negative)	Object
I	did not eat	apples
You	did not eat	apples
He	did not eat	apples
She	did not eat	apples
It	did not eat	apples
We	did not eat	apples
You (plural)	did not eat	apples
They	did not eat	apples
I	did not play	football
You	did not play	football
He	did not play	football
She	did not play	football
It	did not play	football
We	did not play	football
You (plural)	did not play	football
They	did not play	football

Did + Pronoun	Verb	Object
Did I	eat	apples?
Did you	eat	apples?
Did he	eat	apples?
Did she	eat	apples?
Did it	eat	apples?
Did we	eat	apples?
Did you	eat	apples?
Did they	eat	apples?
Did I	play	football?
Did you	play	football?
Did he	play	football?
Did she	play	football?
Did it	play	football?
Did we	play	football?
Did you	play	football?
Did they	play	football?

Didn’t + Pronoun	Verb	Object
Didn’t I	eat	apples?
Didn’t you	eat	apples?
Didn’t he	eat	apples?
Didn’t she	eat	apples?
Didn’t it	eat	apples?
Didn’t we	eat	apples?
Didn’t you	eat	apples?
Didn’t they	eat	apples?
Didn’t I	play	football?
Didn’t you	play	football?
Didn’t he	play	football?
Didn’t she	play	football?
Didn’t it	play	football?
Didn’t we	play	football?
Didn’t you	play	football?
Didn’t they	play	football?

Forms of ‚to be‘

Personal Pronoun	Positive	Negative	Question
I	I was happy.	I was not happy.	Was I happy?
You (singular)	You were excited.	You were not excited.	Were you excited?
He	He was at home.	He was not at home.	Was he at home?
She	She was tired.	She was not tired.	Was she tired?
It	It was cold.	It was not cold.	Was it cold?
We	We were at the party.	We were not at the party.	Were we at the party?
You (plural)	You were friends.	You were not friends.	Were you friends?
They	They were in the garden.	They were not in the garden.	Were they in the garden?

###################

Ten statements, correct them, as shown in 1:

1. Khmer New Year lasted for one day in Phnom Penh.
   
   YOU WRITE:
   No, it didn’t. It lasted for three days.
   
2. People stayed in dirty houses before the New Year.
3. Many people bought old clothes for the festival.
4. The streets were empty and quiet during the festival.
5. Families stayed only in Phnom Penh and never visited hometowns.
6. People went to the cinema instead of the temple during Khmer New Year.
7. There were no games, dancing, or music at the festival.
8. Throwing sand was part of the celebrations in hot weather.
9. Families cooked no special food during the festival.
10. Vong felt sad and lonely during the festival.

__________________________

Correct version:

Khmer New Year lasted for one day in Phnom Penh. – No, it didn’t. It lasted for three days.

People stayed in dirty houses before the New Year. – No, they didn’t. They cleaned their houses before the New Year.

Many people bought old clothes for the festival. – No, they didn’t. They bought new clothes.

The streets were empty and quiet during the festival. – No, they weren’t. They were very busy and full of people.

Families stayed only in Phnom Penh and never visited hometowns. – No, they didn’t. They went to their hometowns and visited families.

People went to the cinema instead of the temple during Khmer New Year. – No, they didn’t. They went to the temple every day.

There were no games, dancing, or music at the festival. – No, there were. There were games, dancing, and music.

Throwing sand was part of the celebrations in hot weather. – No, it wasn’t. People threw water on each other.

Families cooked no special food during the festival. – No, they did. They cooked special food and shared it.

Vong felt sad and lonely during the festival. – No, he didn’t. He felt very happy.

###################
Rewrite as shown in 1:

1. Vong was in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year.
   
   a) Vong was not in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year.
   b) Was Vong in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year?
   c) Wasn’t Vong in Phnom Penh for Khmer New Year?
   
2. Many people were in Phnom Penh during the festival.
3. The festival lasted for three days.
4. The festival was in April.
5. People cleaned their houses before the New Year.
6. Many people bought new clothes.
7. Families went to their hometowns during the festival.
8. People went to the temple every day.
9. Children and young people played games, danced, and listened to music.
10. People threw water on each other in the streets.

________________________

Correct version:

2. Many people were in Phnom Penh during the festival.
a) Many people were not in Phnom Penh during the festival.
b) Were many people in Phnom Penh during the festival?
c) Weren’t many people in Phnom Penh during the festival?

3. The festival lasted for three days.
a) The festival did not last for three days.
b) Did the festival last for three days?
c) Didn’t the festival last for three days?

4. The festival was in April.
a) The festival was not in April.
b) Was the festival in April?
c) Wasn’t the festival in April?

5. People cleaned their houses before the New Year.
a) People did not clean their houses before the New Year.
b) Did people clean their houses before the New Year?
c) Didn’t people clean their houses before the New Year?

6. Many people bought new clothes.
a) Many people did not buy new clothes.
b) Did many people buy new clothes?
c) Didn’t many people buy new clothes?

7. Families went to their hometowns during the festival.
a) Families did not go to their hometowns during the festival.
b) Did families go to their hometowns during the festival?
c) Didn’t families go to their hometowns during the festival?

8. People went to the temple every day.
a) People did not go to the temple every day.
b) Did people go to the temple every day?
c) Didn’t people go to the temple every day?

9. Children and young people played games, danced, and listened to music.
a) Children and young people did not play games, dance, and listen to music.
b) Did children and young people play games, dance, and listen to music?
c) Didn’t children and young people play games, dance, and listen to music?

10. People threw water on each other in the streets.
a) People did not throw water on each other in the streets.
b) Did people throw water on each other in the streets?
c) Didn’t people throw water on each other in the streets?

#######################

Match questions with answers – could you answer without looking at the answers?

---

Questions

1. Where were you last year during Khmer New Year?
2. What festival did you join last year?
3. When did the festival happen last year?
4. How long did the festival last?
5. What did people do before the New Year?
6. What did people do in the markets?
7. How were the streets during the festival?
8. Where did many families go during the festival?
9. What did people do with their families?
10. What did people do at the temple?
11. How did the temple feel during the festival?
12. What games did children play?
13. What did people do with water in the streets?
14. What did people do at home during the festival?

---

Answers

A. They prayed, gave food to monks, and lit candles.
B. It continued for three days with many happy moments.
C. They travelled to their hometowns to meet relatives.
D. It stayed very quiet and calm.
E. I stayed in Phnom Penh in Cambodia with many people in the city.
F. They cooked special food and shared it with family.
G. They threw water on friends in the hot weather.
H. They chose new clothes and paid money for them.
I. They ate food, talked, and laughed together.
J. They looked very busy with many people everywhere.
K. They played Bos Angkunh with friends.
L. They made their houses clean for the new year.
M. I took part in Khmer New Year with families and friends.
N. It took place in April last year in Phnom Penh.

---

_______________________________

Answer Key

1-E, 2-M, 3-N, 4-B, 5-L,
6-H, 7-J, 8-C, 9-I, 10-A,
11-D, 12-K, 13-G, 14-F

_______________________________

Correct version:

1. Where were you last year during Khmer New Year?
I stayed in Phnom Penh in Cambodia with many people in the city.

2. What festival did you join last year?
I took part in Khmer New Year with families and friends.

3. When did the festival happen last year?
It took place in April last year in Phnom Penh.

4. How long did the festival last?
It continued for three days with many happy moments.

5. What did people do before the New Year?
They made their houses clean for the new year.

6. What did people do in the markets?
They chose new clothes and paid money for them.

7. How were the streets during the festival?
They looked very busy with many people everywhere.

8. Where did many families go during the festival?
They travelled to their hometowns to meet relatives.

9. What did people do with their families?
They ate food, talked, and laughed together.

10. What did people do at the temple?
They prayed, gave food to monks, and lit candles.

11. How did the temple feel during the festival?
It stayed very quiet and calm.

12. What games did children play?
They played Bos Angkunh with friends.

13. What did people do with water in the streets?
They threw water on friends in the hot weather.

14. What did people do at home during the festival?
They cooked special food and shared it with family.

• Hands-on training, real hotel experience, and a direct path into the world of tourism

Sreypov grew up in a small village in Cambodia. Her family was poor, and life was not easy. She wanted a better future, but she did not know how to start. She was shy and had little confidence.

One day, she heard about the Shinta Mani Foundation. The program was free and helped young people learn hotel work. Sreypov applied and was accepted. She felt very happy, but also nervous about the new life.

At the foundation, she studied for about ten months. She learned English, computer skills, and how to work in a hotel. She also trained in real hotel departments like front office and housekeeping. At first, it was difficult. She made mistakes and felt unsure. But her teachers were kind and patient. They helped her every day. Slowly, she became more confident and stronger.

After the training, Sreypov got her first job in a hotel in Phnom Penh. She worked at the front desk. She welcomed guests and answered questions. She worked hard and always tried her best. Her managers saw her effort, and she got promoted. First, she became a supervisor. Later, she became a manager.

Sreypov did not stop learning. She joined more training and improved her English. She learned how to lead a team and solve problems. Years later, she became the General Manager of a five-star hotel in Phnom Penh.

Now, Sreypov looks back at her journey with pride. The foundation gave her a chance and a new life. Today, she helps young staff grow, just like she once did.

_________________________

Vocabulary:

---

1. a gateway – a way to start something new.
2. a hospitality career – a job in hotels, restaurants, or tourism.
3. hands-on training – learning by doing.
4. an experience – something you do or live through.
5. to be shy – to feel nervous and not talk much.
6. confidence – feeling sure about yourself.
7. to apply for something – to ask to join a school, job, or program.
8. to be accepted – to be chosen to join something.
9. a computer skill – the ability to use a computer.
10. to make a mistake – to do something wrong.
11. to be unsure – to feel not sure.
12. to be kind – to be nice and helpful.
13. to be patient – to wait without being angry.
14. to become confident – to feel sure about yourself.
15. an effort – trying hard to do something.
16. to be promoted – to get a higher job or position.
17. to join training – to go to learn new skills.
18. to improve one’s English – to make English better.
19. pride – a happy feeling about what you do.
20. to grow (people) – to help people get better or stronger.

---

##################

Matching exercise, word – definition:

---

Words:

1. a gateway
2. a hospitality career
3. hands-on training
4. an experience
5. to be shy
6. confidence
7. to apply for something
8. to be accepted
9. a computer skill
10. to make a mistake
11. to be unsure
12. to be kind
13. to be patient
14. to become confident
15. an effort
16. to be promoted
17. to join training
18. to improve one’s English
19. pride
20. to grow (people)

Definitions:

A. trying hard to do something
B. a happy feeling about what you do
C. learning by doing
D. to help people get better or stronger
E. a way to start something new
F. feeling sure about yourself
G. to get a higher job or position
H. a job in hotels, restaurants, or tourism
I. to feel nervous and not talk much
J. to ask to join a school, job, or program
K. something you do or live through
L. the ability to use a computer
M. to wait without being angry
N. to feel not sure
O. to make English better
P. to be chosen to join something
Q. to go to learn new skills
R. to feel sure about yourself
S. to do something wrong
T. to be nice and helpful

---

___________________

Answer Key

1–E, 2–H, 3–C, 4–K, 5–I, 6–F, 7–J,
8–P, 9–L, 10–S, 11–N, 12–T, 13–M, 14–R,
15–A, 16–G, 17–Q, 18–O, 19–B, 20–D

---

##################

True or false?

---

1. To be shy means to feel nervous and not talk much.
2. To join training means to ignore learning new skills.
3. Confidence means feeling sure about yourself.
4. Hands-on training means learning by doing.
5. To improve one’s English means to make English worse.
6. To apply for something means to ask to join a school, job, or program.
7. To be accepted means to be chosen to join something.
8. Pride means a happy feeling about what you do.
9. To be patient means to wait without being angry.
10. A gateway is a way to start something new.
11. To be kind means to be rude to people.
12. An effort means trying hard to do something.
13. To make a mistake means to do something correctly.

---

__________________
Answers:

• True: 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 13

---

##################
True or false:

---

1. Sreypov grew up in a rich family.
2. She wanted a better life but did not know how.
3. She applied to the Shinta Mani Foundation and was accepted.
4. The foundation training lasted about ten months.
5. At the foundation, she learned English and computer skills.
6. She was confident from the first day at the foundation.
7. Sreypov trained in real hotel departments during her course.
8. After training, she worked at a hotel in Phnom Penh.
9. She immediately became General Manager after her first job.
10. She worked hard and got promoted step by step.
11. She forgot her teachers after finishing the foundation.
12. She became a General Manager of a five-star hotel in Phnom Penh.
13. The foundation did not help her find a career.
14. Now she helps young staff grow like her teachers helped her.

---

True: 2,3,4,5,7,8,10,12,14
##################

Multiple-choice questions:

---

1. Did she grow up in
   (a) a city, or
   (b) a small village?
2. Was her family
   (a) rich, or
   (b) poor?
3. Did she want
   (a) a better life, or
   (b) to stay the same?
4. Which program did she join?
   (a) Shinta Mani Foundation, or
   (b) a cooking school?
5. Was the foundation training
   (a) about ten months, or
   (b) two years?
6. What did she learn at the foundation?
   (a) English and computer skills, or
   (b) only sports?
7. How did she train at the foundation?
   (a) by reading books only, or
   (b) in real hotel departments?
8. Was she confident from the first day?
   (a) Yes, or
   (b) No?
9. After training, where did she work?
   (a) in Phnom Penh hotel, or
   (b) in her village?
10. Did she become General Manager immediately?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No?
11. Did she get promoted step by step?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No?
12. Did she forget her teachers?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No?
13. What is her position now?
    (a) General Manager of a five-star hotel, or
    (b) receptionist?
14. Does she help young staff grow like her teachers helped her?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No?

__________________

Correct answers:

1. Did she grow up in
   (a) a city, or
   (b) a small village? ✅ b
2. Was her family
   (a) rich, or
   (b) poor? ✅ b
3. Did she want
   (a) a better life, or
   (b) to stay the same? ✅ a
4. Which program did she join?
   (a) Shinta Mani Foundation, or
   (b) a cooking school? ✅ a
5. Was the foundation training
   (a) about ten months, or
   (b) two years? ✅ a
6. What did she learn at the foundation?
   (a) English and computer skills, or
   (b) only sports? ✅ a
7. How did she train at the foundation?
   (a) by reading books only, or
   (b) in real hotel departments? ✅ b
8. Was she confident from the first day?
   (a) Yes, or
   (b) No? ✅ b
9. After training, where did she work?
   (a) in Phnom Penh hotel, or
   (b) in her village? ✅ a
10. Did she become General Manager immediately?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No? ✅ b
11. Did she get promoted step by step?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No? ✅ a
12. Did she forget her teachers?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No? ✅ b
13. What is her position now?
    (a) General Manager of a five-star hotel, or
    (b) receptionist? ✅ a
14. Does she help young staff grow like her teachers helped her?
    (a) Yes, or
    (b) No? ✅ a

---

##################

Verbs, regular, irregular verbs, in text

---

Infinitive	Past Simple
be	was / were
grow	grew
want	wanted
know	knew
start	started
have	had
hear	heard
help	helped
learn	learned
apply	applied
feel	felt
study	studied
work	worked
train	trained
make	made
become	became
get	got
welcome	welcomed
answer	answered
try	tried
see	saw
promote	promoted
join	joined
improve	improved
lead	led
solve	solved
look back	looked back
give	gave

---

##################

Basics in past simple:

Personal Pronoun	Verb (Past)	Object
I	ate	apples
You	ate	apples
He	ate	apples
She	ate	apples
It	ate	apples
We	ate	apples
You (plural)	ate	apples
They	ate	apples
I	played	football
You	played	football
He	played	football
She	played	football
It	played	football
We	played	football
You (plural)	played	football
They	played	football

Personal Pronoun	Verb (Past Negative)	Object
I	did not eat	apples
You	did not eat	apples
He	did not eat	apples
She	did not eat	apples
It	did not eat	apples
We	did not eat	apples
You (plural)	did not eat	apples
They	did not eat	apples
I	did not play	football
You	did not play	football
He	did not play	football
She	did not play	football
It	did not play	football
We	did not play	football
You (plural)	did not play	football
They	did not play	football

Did + Pronoun	Verb	Object
Did I	eat	apples?
Did you	eat	apples?
Did he	eat	apples?
Did she	eat	apples?
Did it	eat	apples?
Did we	eat	apples?
Did you	eat	apples?
Did they	eat	apples?
Did I	play	football?
Did you	play	football?
Did he	play	football?
Did she	play	football?
Did it	play	football?
Did we	play	football?
Did you	play	football?
Did they	play	football?

Didn’t + Pronoun	Verb	Object
Didn’t I	eat	apples?
Didn’t you	eat	apples?
Didn’t he	eat	apples?
Didn’t she	eat	apples?
Didn’t it	eat	apples?
Didn’t we	eat	apples?
Didn’t you	eat	apples?
Didn’t they	eat	apples?
Didn’t I	play	football?
Didn’t you	play	football?
Didn’t he	play	football?
Didn’t she	play	football?
Didn’t it	play	football?
Didn’t we	play	football?
Didn’t you	play	football?
Didn’t they	play	football?

##################

Past simple forms of ‚to be‘:

Person	Past
I	was
You	were
He/She/It	was
We	were
You (pl)	were
They	were

Person	Question
I	Was I …?
You	Were you …?
He/She/It	Was he/she/it …?
We	Were we …?
You (pl)	Were you …?
They	Were they …?

Person	Negative
I	I was not (I wasn’t)
You	You were not (You weren’t)
He/She/It	He/She/It was not (He/She/It wasn’t)
We	We were not (We weren’t)
You (pl)	You were not (You weren’t)
They	They were not (They weren’t)

Person	Negative Question
I	Wasn’t I …?
You	Weren’t you …?
He/She/It	Wasn’t he/she/it …?
We	Weren’t we …?
You (pl)	Weren’t you …?
They	Weren’t they …?

##################

Answer in full sentences:

---

1. Where did Sreypov grow up?
2. What kind of family did she have?
3. What did she want for her future?
4. Which program did she join to learn hotel skills?
5. How did the program provide training, free or paid?
6. How long did the foundation training last?
7. What subjects did she study at the foundation?
8. In which hotel departments did she train?
9. How did she feel at the beginning of the training?
10. Where did she get her first hotel job?
11. How long after her first job did she become General Manager?
12. How did she get promoted in her career?
13. What job did she hold after her promotion?
14. How did she help young staff after her promotion?

---

_______________________

Answers:

---

1. Sreypov grew up in a small village.
2. She had a poor family.
3. She wanted a better life.
4. She joined the Shinta Mani Foundation to learn hotel skills.
5. The program provided free training.
6. The foundation training lasted about ten months.
7. She studied English and computer skills at the foundation.
8. She trained in real hotel departments.
9. She felt unsure and nervous at the beginning of the training.
10. She got her first hotel job in Phnom Penh.
11. She became General Manager several years after her first job.
12. She got promoted step by step through hard work.
13. She held the position of General Manager after her promotion.
14. She helped young staff grow like her teachers helped her.

---

#################

Correct the statements, as shown in 1.:

---

1. Sreypov grew up in a big city.
   
   YOU WRITE:
   No, she didn’t. She grew up in a small village.
   
2. She came from a rich family.
3. She wanted to stay in her village and not change her life.
4. She joined a cooking school instead of the Shinta Mani Foundation.
5. The foundation training was paid.
6. The training program lasted two years.
7. She only studied sports at the foundation.
8. She trained only by reading books, not in hotel departments.
9. She was confident from the first day at the foundation.
10. She got her first hotel job in her village.
11. She became General Manager immediately after her first job.
12. She forgot her teachers after finishing the foundation.

---

_______________________

Correct version:

---

1. Did Sreypov grow up in a big city? – No, she didn’t. She grew up in a small village.
2. Did she come from a rich family? – No, she didn’t. She came from a poor family.
3. Did she want to stay in her village? – No, she didn’t. She wanted a better life.
4. Did she join a cooking school? – No, she didn’t. She joined the Shinta Mani Foundation.
5. Was the foundation training paid? – No, it wasn’t. It provided free training.
6. Did the training program last two years? – No, it didn’t. It lasted about ten months.
7. Did she only study sports at the foundation? – No, she didn’t. She studied English and computer skills.
8. Did she train only by reading books? – No, she didn’t. She trained in real hotel departments.
9. Was she confident from the first day? – No, she wasn’t. She felt unsure and nervous at the beginning.
10. Did she get her first hotel job in her village? – No, she didn’t. She got it in Phnom Penh.
11. Did she become General Manager immediately after her first job? – No, she didn’t. She became GM several years later.
12. Did she forget her teachers after finishing the foundation? – No, she didn’t. She remembered them and respected them.

---

#################
Correct again as shown in 1.:

---

1. Did she grow up in a big city?
   
   YOU WRITE:
   No, she didn’t. She grew up in a small village.
   
2. Did she come from a rich family?
3. Did she join a cooking school?
4. Did the foundation training last two years?
5. Did she study only sports at the foundation?
6. Did she train only by reading books?
7. Did she become confident from the first day?
8. Did she get her first hotel job in her village?
9. Did she become General Manager immediately after her first job?
10. Did she forget her teachers after finishing the foundation?
11. Did she work only in her village after training?
12. Did she fail the foundation program?
13. Did she never learn English at the foundation?
14. Did she refuse to help young staff after her promotion?

---

________________________

Correct answers:

---

1. Did she grow up in a big city?
   No, she didn’t. She grew up in a small village.
2. Did she come from a rich family?
   No, she didn’t. She came from a poor family.
3. Did she join a cooking school?
   No, she didn’t. She joined the Shinta Mani Foundation.
4. Did the foundation training last two years?
   No, it didn’t. It lasted about ten months.
5. Did she study only sports at the foundation?
   No, she didn’t. She studied English and computer skills.
6. Did she train only by reading books?
   No, she didn’t. She trained in real hotel departments.
7. Did she become confident from the first day?
   No, she didn’t. She felt unsure and nervous at the beginning.
8. Did she get her first hotel job in her village?
   No, she didn’t. She got her first hotel job in Phnom Penh.
9. Did she become General Manager immediately after her first job?
   No, she didn’t. She became General Manager several years later.
10. Did she forget her teachers after finishing the foundation?
    No, she didn’t. She remembered and respected her teachers.
11. Did she work only in her village after training?
    No, she didn’t. She worked in Phnom Penh.
12. Did she fail the foundation program?
    No, she didn’t. She completed the training successfully.
13. Did she never learn English at the foundation?
    No, she didn’t. She learned English at the foundation.
14. Did she refuse to help young staff after her promotion?
    No, she didn’t. She helped young staff grow like her teachers helped her.

---

#################

Fill in, words below:

accepted – grew up – staff – departments –
unsure – training – poor – heard –
confident – step by step –
skills – studied

---

1. Sreypov __________ in a small village in Cambodia.
2. Her family was __________, and life was not easy.
3. She wanted a better life but felt shy and __________.
4. One day, she __________ about the Shinta Mani Foundation.
5. The program was free and taught young people hotel __________.
6. She applied and was __________ into the program.
7. During ten months of training, she __________ English, computer skills, and hotel work.
8. She trained in real hotel __________ and made some mistakes.
9. Her teachers were kind and helped her become __________.
10. After __________, she got her first hotel job in Phnom Penh.
11. She worked hard and was promoted __________ until she became General Manager.
12. Today, she helps young __________ grow like her teachers helped her.

---

________________________

Correct version:

---

1. Sreypov grew up in a small village in Cambodia.
2. Her family was poor, and life was not easy.
3. She wanted a better life but felt shy and unsure.
4. One day, she heard about the Shinta Mani Foundation.
5. The program was free and taught young people hotel skills.
6. She applied and was accepted into the program.
7. During ten months of training, she studied English, computer skills, and hotel work.
8. She trained in real hotel departments and made some mistakes.
9. Her teachers were kind and helped her become confident.
10. After training, she got her first hotel job in Phnom Penh.
11. She worked hard and was promoted step by step until she became General Manager.
12. Today, she helps young staff grow like her teachers helped her.

---

#################

Complete the dialogue – match question and answer:

---

Questions

1. Who helped you join the foundation?
2. What made you leave your village?
3. Where did you start your first hotel job?
4. When did you feel more confident at work?
5. Why did you join the foundation?
6. Which skills helped you most during training?
7. How did you stop feeling nervous at first?
8. Who supported you after your first promotion?
9. What challenge helped you grow?
10. Where did you practice solving problems?
11. When did you decide to become General Manager?
12. How do you help young staff now?

---

Answers (Randomized)

a. I began working in a hotel in Phnom Penh.
b. I practiced daily and listened to my teachers.
c. I decided after working in several positions in the hotel.
d. Working in different hotel departments helped me grow.
e. I teach them and help them grow like my teachers helped me.
f. My teachers guided me and supported me during training.
g. My managers encouraged me and gave more responsibility.
h. I became confident after training at the foundation.
i. A better future encouraged me to go to Phnom Penh.
j. English and computer skills helped me succeed.
k. I wanted to learn hotel work and improve my skills.
l. A better future encouraged me to go to Phnom Penh.

---

_______________________

Answers:

1 f, 2 i, 3 a, 4 h, 5 k, 6 j,
7 b, 8 g, 9 d, 10 l, 11 c, 12 e

---

_______________________

Correct version:

1. Who helped you join the foundation?

• My teachers guided me and supported me during training.

2. What made you leave your village?

• A better future encouraged me to go to Phnom Penh.

3. Where did you start your first hotel job?

• I began working in a hotel in Phnom Penh.

4. When did you feel more confident at work?

• I became confident after training at the foundation.

5. Why did you join the foundation?

• I wanted to learn hotel work and improve my skills.

6. Which skills helped you most during training?

• English and computer skills helped me succeed.

7. How did you stop feeling nervous at first?

• I practiced daily and listened to my teachers.

8. Who supported you after your first promotion?

• My managers encouraged me and gave more responsibility.

9. What challenge helped you grow?

• Working in different hotel departments helped me grow.

10. Where did you practice solving problems?

• I solved problems while working in hotel departments.

11. When did you decide to become General Manager?

• I decided after working in several positions in the hotel.

12. How do you help young staff now?

• I teach them and give them chances to improve their skills.

---

#################

---

🎓 1. What their training program is

The Shinta Mani Foundation runs a hospitality training school in Siem Reap (Cambodia), focused on hotel/tourism careers.

What you learn

• Hotel operations (front office, F&B, housekeeping, spa, kitchen, etc.)
• English (very important for tourism)
• Computer skills
• Life skills (communication, finance, career planning)
• Internship inside real hotels (Shinta Mani hotels) (Shinta Mani Foundation)

👉 So it’s both theory + real hotel work experience, which is a big advantage.

---

⏳ 2. Duration of training

• About 10 months total (Shinta Mani Foundation)
• Includes:
  • Classroom learning
  • Practical internship in hotel departments

👉 It’s quite intensive but short enough to enter the job market quickly.

---

💰 3. Cost & benefits

• Free education (no tuition)
• Free:
  • Meals
  • Uniforms
  • Materials
• Sometimes:
  • Accommodation (for rural students)
  • Small stipend support (Shinta Mani Foundation)

👉 This is rare—most hospitality schools cost money.

---

📝 4. How to join (important reality)

This is where many people misunderstand:

❗ Key requirement

• The program is mainly for underprivileged Cambodian youth
• Students are selected, not open global admission (Shinta Mani Foundation)

Typical process

1. Application (local candidates)
2. Screening (background + motivation)
3. Interview/selection
4. Intake (small group each year)

👉 If you are not Cambodian or not from their target group, you usually cannot directly enroll.

---

🌍 5. Can international students join?

• Direct enrollment: ❌ Very unlikely
• Possible alternatives:
  • Volunteer with the foundation
  • Intern (if partnerships exist)
  • Work in Shinta Mani Hotels later

👉 It’s more of a social-impact training program, not a global hospitality school like Swiss or EU institutions.

---

💼 6. Career outcomes (very strong)

This is the biggest strength:

• Near 100% employment rate after graduation (Shinta Mani Foundation)
• Graduates work in:
  • Luxury hotels (e.g., Raffles, Sofitel, Aman) (eHotelier Insights)
  • Shinta Mani hotels
• Some progress to:
  • Management roles
  • Entrepreneurship

👉 This is exceptionally strong for tourism training.

---

📊 7. Is it good for a tourism career?

✅ Yes — especially because:

• Real hotel experience (not just classroom)
• Strong employer network
• English + practical skills
• Direct hiring pipeline

⚠️ But:

• Only accessible to a specific group (mainly Cambodian youth)

---

🧭 8. What YOU should do (practical advice)

If your goal is tourism career:

Option A — If you are eligible (Cambodia/local)

• Apply directly via their website/contact
• Prepare:
  • Motivation
  • Basic English
  • Willingness to work in hospitality

Option B — If you are international (e.g. Europe)

Better alternatives:

• Hospitality schools (Austria, Switzerland, etc.)
• Hotel internships (Erasmus / global chains)
• Entry-level hotel jobs → grow experience

---

✔️ Bottom line

• Training length: ~10 months
• Cost: Free (with support)
• Entry: Selective, mainly local Cambodian students
• Career outcome: Excellent (very high employment rate)

👉 It’s one of the best social-impact hospitality programs, but not an open international school.

---

#################

• Salas celebrating Khmer New Year in 2025

---

In 2025, I celebrated Khmer New Year with my family. It was a very important festival in Cambodia. The holiday was in the middle of April. Many people were happy.

Before the holiday, my family cleaned our house. We also decorated the house. We wanted a clean and nice home for the new year.

Many people traveled to their hometowns. I visited my grandparents. I was very happy to see them. We ate food and talked together.

My family went to the temple. We prayed and brought food for the monks. We asked for good luck and good health. Some people made small sand hills at the temple.

There were many fun activities. Young people played traditional games. They danced and listened to music. Many people laughed and enjoyed the festival.

I also poured water on my parents and grandparents. This showed respect. It also gave them good wishes for health and long life.

Khmer New Year was a happy time. Families spent time together and welcomed the new year.

---

_________________________-

Vocabulary:

• to celebrate – to do something special because of a happy day 🎉
• important – very special or very necessary
• to clean – to make something not dirty
• to decorate – to make a place look nice with colors or things
• to travel – to go to another place
• a hometown – the town or city where you were born or grew up
• to pray – to speak to God
• a monk – a religious man who lives and works in a temple
• good luck – when good things happen to you 🍀
• health – when your body feels good and you are not sick
• an activity – something people do (a game, work, or fun thing)
• traditional – something people did for a long time in a culture
• to enjoy – to feel happy when you do something 😊
• to pour water on somebody – to put water on a person
• to show respect – to be kind and polite to someone (often older people)

##############

Basics in past simple:

Rules:

• Most verbs: add -ed
  play → played
• Verbs ending in -e: add -d
  live → lived
• Verbs ending in consonant + y: change y to i and add -ed
  study → studied
• Short verbs ending in vowel + consonant: double the final consonant and add -ed
  stop → stopped
• List of irregular verbs => LINK

##############

Basics in past simple:

Personal Pronoun	Verb (Past)	Object
I	ate	apples
You	ate	apples
He	ate	apples
She	ate	apples
It	ate	apples
We	ate	apples
You (plural)	ate	apples
They	ate	apples
I	played	football
You	played	football
He	played	football
She	played	football
It	played	football
We	played	football
You (plural)	played	football
They	played	football

Personal Pronoun	Verb (Past Negative)	Object
I	did not eat	apples
You	did not eat	apples
He	did not eat	apples
She	did not eat	apples
It	did not eat	apples
We	did not eat	apples
You (plural)	did not eat	apples
They	did not eat	apples
I	did not play	football
You	did not play	football
He	did not play	football
She	did not play	football
It	did not play	football
We	did not play	football
You (plural)	did not play	football
They	did not play	football

Did + Pronoun	Verb	Object
Did I	eat	apples?
Did you	eat	apples?
Did he	eat	apples?
Did she	eat	apples?
Did it	eat	apples?
Did we	eat	apples?
Did you	eat	apples?
Did they	eat	apples?
Did I	play	football?
Did you	play	football?
Did he	play	football?
Did she	play	football?
Did it	play	football?
Did we	play	football?
Did you	play	football?
Did they	play	football?

Didn’t + Pronoun	Verb	Object
Didn’t I	eat	apples?
Didn’t you	eat	apples?
Didn’t he	eat	apples?
Didn’t she	eat	apples?
Didn’t it	eat	apples?
Didn’t we	eat	apples?
Didn’t you	eat	apples?
Didn’t they	eat	apples?
Didn’t I	play	football?
Didn’t you	play	football?
Didn’t he	play	football?
Didn’t she	play	football?
Didn’t it	play	football?
Didn’t we	play	football?
Didn’t you	play	football?
Didn’t they	play	football?

##################

Past simple forms of ‚to be‘:

Person	Past
I	was
You	were
He/She/It	was
We	were
You (pl)	were
They	were

Person	Question
I	Was I …?
You	Were you …?
He/She/It	Was he/she/it …?
We	Were we …?
You (pl)	Were you …?
They	Were they …?

Person	Negative
I	I was not (I wasn’t)
You	You were not (You weren’t)
He/She/It	He/She/It was not (He/She/It wasn’t)
We	We were not (We weren’t)
You (pl)	You were not (You weren’t)
They	They were not (They weren’t)

Person	Negative Question
I	Wasn’t I …?
You	Weren’t you …?
He/She/It	Wasn’t he/she/it …?
We	Weren’t we …?
You (pl)	Weren’t you …?
They	Weren’t they …?

##################

Short answers in past simple:

Question	Short Answer (Yes/Positive)	Short Answer (No/Negative)
Did she check reservations?	Yes, she did.	No, she didn’t.
Did she give keys to guests?	Yes, she did.	No, she didn’t.
Did she talk to many guests?	Yes, she did.	No, she didn’t.
Was she happy?	Yes, she was.	No, she wasn’t.
Were the guests satisfied?	Yes, they were.	No, they weren’t.

##################

Verbs in story and their past tense

Infinitive	Past Simple	A1 Definition
to celebrate	celebrated	to do something special for a happy day
to be	was / were	to exist or describe something
to clean	cleaned	to make something not dirty
to decorate	decorated	to make something look nice
to want	wanted	to wish to have or do something
to travel	traveled	to go to another place
to visit	visited	to go to see someone
to see	saw	to look at something with your eyes
to eat	ate	to put food in your mouth and swallow it
to talk	talked	to say words to someone
to go	went	to move to another place
to pray	prayed	to speak to God
to bring	brought	to take something with you to a place
to ask	asked	to say you want something or want information
to make	made	to create or build something
to play	played	to do a game or fun activity
to dance	danced	to move your body to music
to listen	listened	to hear and pay attention to sound
to laugh	laughed	to make a happy sound when something is funny
to enjoy	enjoyed	to feel happy doing something
to pour	poured	to make liquid flow from a container
to show	showed	to let someone see or understand something
to spend	spent	to use time doing something
to welcome	welcomed	to greet someone in a friendly way

################

Match the word with the correct definition.

Words

1. to celebrate
2. important
3. to clean
4. to decorate
5. to travel
6. a hometown
7. to pray
8. a monk
9. good luck
10. health
11. an activity
12. traditional
13. to enjoy
14. to pour water on somebody
15. to show respect

Definitions

A. to make a place look nice with colors or things
B. when good things happen to you
C. something people did for a long time in a culture
D. when your body feels good and you are not sick
E. to put water on a person
F. to speak to God
G. something people do (a game, work, or fun thing)
H. to do something special because of a happy day
I. a religious man who lives and works in a temple
J. the town or city where you were born or grew up
K. to feel happy when you do something
L. to be kind and polite to someone (often older people)
M. very special or very necessary
N. to go to another place
O. to make something not dirty

_____________________

Answers:
1-H, 2-M, 3-O, 4-A, 5-N, 6-J,
7-F, 8-I, 9-B, 10-D, 11-G,
12-C, 13-K, 14-E, 15-L

____________________

Correct version:

1. to celebrate – to do something special because of a happy day
2. important – very special or very necessary
3. to clean – to make something not dirty
4. to decorate – to make a place look nice with colors or things
5. to travel – to go to another place
6. a hometown – the town or city where you were born or grew up
7. to pray – to speak to God
8. a monk – a religious man who lives and works in a temple
9. good luck – when good things happen to you
10. health – when your body feels good and you are not sick
11. an activity – something people do (a game, work, or fun thing)
12. traditional – something people did for a long time in a culture
13. to enjoy – to feel happy when you do something
14. to pour water on somebody – to put water on a person
15. to show respect – to be kind and polite to someone (often older people)

################

True or false:

1. Khmer New Year is an important holiday in Cambodia.
2. People celebrate Khmer New Year in the middle of April.
3. People clean their houses before the holiday.
4. People decorate their houses after the festival ends.
5. Many people travel to their hometowns during Khmer New Year.
6. A monk is a man who works in a restaurant.
7. Families pray at the temple during Khmer New Year.
8. Good luck means bad things happen to you.
9. Health means your body feels good and you are not sick.
10. Young people play activities and games during the festival.
11. Traditional means something people did for a long time in a culture.
12. To enjoy something means you feel sad when you do it.
13. People pour water on their parents and grandparents during the celebration.
14. Pouring water on elders shows respect.
15. People travel to other countries because they hate their hometown.

____________________

Answers:
1T, 2T, 3T, 4F, 5T, 6F, 7T, 8F, 9T,
10T, 11T, 12F, 13T, 14T, 15F
____________________

Correct version:

1. Khmer New Year is an important holiday in Cambodia.
2. People celebrate Khmer New Year in the middle of April.
3. People clean their houses before the holiday.
4. People decorate their houses after the festival ends. True is: People decorate their houses before the festival begins.
5. Many people travel to their hometowns during Khmer New Year.
6. A monk is a man who works in a restaurant. True is: A monk is a religious man who lives and works in a temple.
7. Families pray at the temple during Khmer New Year.
8. Good luck means bad things happen to you. True is: Good luck means when good things happen to you.
9. Health means your body feels good and you are not sick.
10. Young people play activities and games during the festival.
11. Traditional means something people did for a long time in a culture.
12. To enjoy something means you feel sad when you do it. True is: To enjoy something means to feel happy when you do it.
13. People pour water on their parents and grandparents during the celebration.
14. Pouring water on elders shows respect.
15. People travel to other countries because they hate their hometown. True is: People travel to their hometowns during Khmer New Year.

##################

What is the correct sequence?

1. Young people played games, danced, and enjoyed music during the festival.
2. In 2025, I celebrated Khmer New Year with my family.
3. I poured water on my parents and grandparents to show respect and wish them good health.
4. Many people traveled to their hometowns, and I visited my grandparents.
5. My family went to the temple to pray and bring food for the monks.
6. Before the holiday, we cleaned and decorated our house.

______________________

Correct sequence:

1. In 2025, I celebrated Khmer New Year with my family.
2. Before the holiday, we cleaned and decorated our house.
3. Many people traveled to their hometowns, and I visited my grandparents.
4. My family went to the temple to pray and bring food for the monks.
5. Young people played games, danced, and enjoyed music during the festival.
6. I poured water on my parents and grandparents to show respect and wish them good health.

###############

---

Match the action with the correct verb

Actions:
A. Make something not dirty
B. Speak to God
C. Go to see family or friends
D. Put water on someone
E. Go to another place
F. Be kind and polite to someone
G. Take food or gifts to someone
H. Make your house nice with colors or things
I. Do something special for a happy day
J. Have fun with games

Verbs

1. to travel
2. to show respect
3. to play
4. to celebrate
5. to clean
6. to decorate
7. to pour water on somebody
8. to pray
9. to visit
10. to bring

---

Answer key:
A-5, B-8, C-9, D-7, E-1,
F-2, G-10, H-6, I-4, J-3

_________________

Correct version:

---

Make something not dirty – to clean
Speak to God – to pray
Go to see family or friends – to visit
Put water on someone – to pour water on somebody
Go to another place – to travel
Be kind and polite to someone – to show respect
Take food or gifts to someone – to bring
Make your house nice with colors or things – to decorate
Do something special for a happy day – to celebrate
Have fun with games – to play

################

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Scrambled sentences – unscramble:

1. celebrated / I / Khmer New Year / in 2025
2. the / cleaned / and / holiday / we / decorated / house / before
3. visited / in / hometown/ grandparents / I / my
4. the /went / family / temple / my / to
5. monks / brought / prayed / we / the / and / food / for
6. played / young / games / people / traditional
7. poured / grandparents / I / water / my / on

---

_____________________

Correct version:

1. I celebrated Khmer New Year in 2025.
2. We cleaned and decorated the house before holiday.
3. I visited my grandparents in my hometown.
4. My family went to the temple.
5. We prayed and brought food for the monks.
6. Young people played traditional games.
7. I poured water on my grandparents.

---

################

Short-answer questions:

---

1. When did you celebrate Khmer New Year?
   
   YOU WRITE:
   in 2025
   
   
2. Where did your family go before the holiday?
3. Who did you visit during the holiday?
4. What did you clean before the festival?
5. What did people decorate?
6. Why did families go to the temple?
7. What did you bring for the monks?
8. Who played traditional games?
9. How did you show respect to elders?
10. What did people enjoy during the festival?
11. When did people travel to their hometowns?
12. Who prayed at the temple during Khmer New Year?

__________________________

Correct short answers:

---

1. When did you celebrate Khmer New Year? → In 2025
2. Where did your family go before the holiday? → Home / Our house
3. Who did you visit during the holiday? → Grandparents
4. What did you clean before the festival? → House
5. What did people decorate? → Houses / Temples
6. Why did families go to the temple? → To pray
7. What did you bring for the monks? → Food
8. Who played traditional games? → Young people
9. How did you show respect to elders? → Poured water
10. What did people enjoy during the festival? → Music / Games
11. When did people travel to their hometowns? → During the holiday
12. Who prayed at the temple during Khmer New Year? → Families

###################

Answer as shown:

1. People cleaned their houses after Khmer New Year.
   
   YOU WRITE:
   People cleaned their houses after Khmer New Year. – No, they didn’t. People cleaned their houses before Khmer New Year.
   
2. Families decorated their homes after the festival ended.
3. People traveled to other countries for Khmer New Year.
4. Monks brought food to the families.
5. People poured water on friends during the celebration.
6. Young people did not play games during Khmer New Year.
7. Families did not visit the temple during the holiday.
8. Good luck meant that bad things happened.
9. Health meant their bodies felt sick.
10. Traditional activities were new and modern, not old.

_________________________-

Correct answers:

1. People cleaned their houses after Khmer New Year. – No, they didn’t. People cleaned their houses before Khmer New Year.
2. Families decorated their homes after the festival ended. – No, they didn’t. Families decorated their homes before the festival began.
3. People traveled to other countries for Khmer New Year. – No, they didn’t. People traveled to their hometowns.
4. Monks brought food to the families. – No, they didn’t. Families brought food for the monks.
5. People poured water on friends during the celebration. – No, they didn’t. People poured water on their parents and grandparents.
6. Young people did not play games during Khmer New Year. – No, they didn’t. Young people played games and danced.
7. Families did not visit the temple during the holiday. – No, they didn’t. Families visited the temple to pray.
8. Good luck meant that bad things happened. – No, it didn’t. Good luck meant that good things happened.
9. Health meant their bodies felt sick. – No, it didn’t. Health meant their bodies felt good.
10. Traditional activities were new and modern, not old. – No, they weren’t. Traditional activities were done for a long time in the culture.

######################

Match question and answer:

---

Questions:

1. When did you celebrate Khmer New Year?
2. Where did your family go before the holiday?
3. Who did you visit during the holiday?
4. What did you clean before the festival?
5. What did people decorate?
6. Why did your family go to the temple?
7. What did you bring for the monks?
8. Who played games during the festival?
9. How did you show respect to your grandparents?
10. What did people enjoy during the festival?
11. When did people travel to their hometowns?
12. Who prayed at the temple during the festival?

---

Answers:

A. The young people in the village had fun with games.
B. People listened to music, danced, and had fun.
C. My family stayed at our house before the holiday.
D. People made the house and the temple look nice.
E. I saw my grandparents during the holiday.
F. Many families asked for good luck and health at the temple.
G. I spent Khmer New Year in 2025 with my family.
H. I poured water on my grandparents to give them good wishes.
I. People went back to their hometowns during the Khmer New Year holiday.
J. We gave rice, fruits, and food to the monks.
K. My family went to the temple to ask for good luck and health.
L. We made the rooms and the kitchen tidy before the festival.

---

_______________________

Answers:

1. G, 2. C, 3. E, 4. L, 5. D, 6. K,
   7. J, 8. A, 9. H, 10. B, 11. I, 12. F

_______________________

Correct dialogue:

---

1. A: When did you celebrate Khmer New Year?
   B: I spent Khmer New Year in 2025 with my family.
2. A: Where did your family go before the holiday?
   B: My family stayed at our house before the holiday.
3. A: Who did you visit during the holiday?
   B: I saw my grandparents during the holiday.
4. A: What did you clean before the festival?
   B: We made the rooms and the kitchen tidy before the festival.
5. A: What did people decorate?
   B: People made the house and the temple look nice.
6. A: Why did your family go to the temple?
   B: My family went to the temple to ask for good luck and health.
7. A: What did you bring for the monks?
   B: We gave rice, fruits, and food to the monks.
8. A: Who played games during the festival?
   B: The young people in the village had fun with games.
9. A: How did you show respect to your grandparents?
   B: I poured water on my grandparents to give them good wishes.
10. A: What did people enjoy during the festival?
    B: People listened to music, danced, and had fun.
11. A: When did people travel to their hometowns?
    B: People went back to their hometowns during the Khmer New Year holiday.
12. A: Who prayed at the temple during the festival?
    B: Many families asked for good luck and health at the temple.

---

#################

Fill in, words below:

games – village – relatives – visited –
altar – monks – flowers –
hometowns – kitchen –
meet

---

1. A: What did you do for Khmer New Year?
   B: I spent time with my family and __________.
2. A: How did your family prepare the house?
   B: We made it clean and decorated with__________.
3. A: Who did you __________ during the holiday?
   B: I saw my grandparents and cousins.
4. A: Which rooms did you clean?
   B: We tidied the living room and __________.
5. A: What was decorated in your home?
   B: The house and the small __________ were decorated.
6. A: Where did your family go in the morning?
   B: We went to the temple in the morning.
7. A: What did your family give to the __________?
   B: We offered rice, fruits, and some food.
8. A: Who joined the games during the festival?
   B: The young people from our __________ joined.
9. A: How did you show kindness to older people?
   B: I poured water on my grandparents.
10. A: What made the festival fun for everyone?
    B: Music, dancing, and __________ made it fun.
11. A: When did everyone return to their __________?
    B: Families went back during the holiday.
12. A: Which families went to the temple?
    B: Many families __________ the temple to pray.

---

_________________________-

Full version:

---

1. A: What did you do for Khmer New Year?
   B: I spent time with my family and relatives.
2. A: How did your family prepare the house?
   B: We made it clean and decorated with flowers.
3. A: Who did you meet during the holiday?
   B: I saw my grandparents and cousins.
4. A: Which rooms did you clean?
   B: We tidied the living room and kitchen.
5. A: What was decorated in your home?
   B: The house and the small altar were decorated.
6. A: Where did your family go in the morning?
   B: We went to the temple in the morning.
7. A: What did your family give to the monks?
   B: We offered rice, fruits, and some food.
8. A: Who joined the games during the festival?
   B: The young people from our village joined.
9. A: How did you show kindness to older people?
   B: I poured water on my grandparents.
10. A: What made the festival fun for everyone?
    B: Music, dancing, and games made it fun.
11. A: When did everyone return to their hometowns?
    B: Families went back during the holiday.
12. A: Which families went to the temple?
    B: Many families visited the temple to pray.

---

##############

Which phrase are we looking for? Unscramble words – have fun: